Documents / Official release

AAWSAP DIRD, Laser Lightcraft Nanosatellites, November 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-11-01 · 77 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIA-08-1011-001), dated 1 November 2010, was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications program. It covers nanosatellite technologies, laser Lightcraft propulsion, a weapon mission selection study and a multi-megawatt laser study. The author recommends that the Department of Defense, working with NASA, bring laser Lightcraft propulsion research back to the United States and restart the Air Force X-50LR test flight program.

From the source: Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 11/1/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD examines laser-propelled “Lightcraft” as a possible low-cost method to launch very small satellites into low Earth orbit by using a remote high-energy laser to supply most of the propulsion energy rather than relying entirely on onboard energy sources. The report combines a survey of nanosatellite trends with a review of “Lightcraft” propulsion concepts, vehicle design, beam-control requirements, and mission studies, and argues that the most promising application is the launch of nano- or pico-satellites, especially Earth- and space-observing payloads of a few kilograms or less. It presents the concept as potentially much cheaper than conventional multistage rockets for very small payloads, while also noting significant practical constraints including strict beam-riding geometry, atmospheric losses, demanding pointing and adaptive-optics requirements, and heavy dependence on large ground-, sea-, or air-based laser infrastructure. Overall, the document presents laser “Lightcraft” as a technically plausible launch concept whose attractiveness depends on whether the supporting laser and beam-control system can be made reliable and economical at operational scale.

UNCLASSIFIED/ /fOR. 8FFl&IAk W&li ,>all.¥
associated with a particular nanosat. Constellations that fly in close formation can
benefit by the use of inter-nanosat commun ications to reduce ground station
contention. The data wou ld flow from a single nanosat to the ground instead of coming
from every nanosat. Communications protocols for inter-nanosat communications must
be developed.
AUTONOMY
Support costs are high if single-satellite mission operations and data analysis practices
are scaled to a constellation mission. Autonomy onboard the spacecraft and on the
ground is therefore required to ensure that mission objectives are efficiently and
inexpensively met.
Nanosat autonomy will make use of onboard and ground-based remote agents with the
overarching goal of maximizing the scientific or intelligence return from each nanosat
during the mission lifetime. The remote agents achieve this goal by monitoring and
appropriately controlling nanosat subsystems. Additionally, the onboard agent
monitors the full complement of spacecraft sensors and instruments to heuristically
separate scientific or intelligence events of interest from background events, thereby
intelligently fitting the science/intelligence data within allocated spacecraft storage
resources.
Nanosats with distant orbits are out of communications range of a ground station for
nearly a week. Nanosat subsystems cou ld be compromised if faults occurring during
this blackout period were not readily addressed. An unacceptable loss of scientific or
intelligence data could also occur. Therefore, the onboard agent will incorporate the
capability to detect, diagnose, and recover from faults.
Certain failure scenarios may not be correctable by the onboard agent. These faults will
be deferred to the ground agent for handling. Each nanosat will include data in its
telemetry on the health and status of each subsystem and a history of commands
autonomously issued since the last ground contact. The ground system will then
attempt to diagnose problems based on this data. Additionally, collective knowledge of
actions taken by all nanosats in the constellation will reside within the ground system
by virtue of the data dumps made during each contact. From this data the agent can
detect trends and systematic conditions not otherwise observable onboard the nanosat.
These highly autonomous systems will present a unique set of challenges not only to
the system designers, but also to those involved in spacecraft testing. Careful
consideration must be given to the design of the test program to ensure that the state
space of the remote agents is validated and verified. It is equally important to
implement this program in a cost-effective manner. However, we could likely justify
deploying considerable resources to address this issue since the methods developed to
solve these challenges can be applied to numerous missions.
UNCLASSIFIED,<,<FOA QFFI&IAL HSI!! OHLY

Not linked to a story yet.

About this file

Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 77 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.