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This Defense Intelligence Reference Document from the Defense Intelligence Agency is dated 11 January 2011. It was produced in FY 2010 under the Advanced Aerospace Weapons System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It reviews negative, or sub-vacuum, energy found in squeezed light and the Casimir effect, and explains quantum optical homodyne tomography as a way to measure and map that energy in the lab. It proposes balanced homodyne detector arrays that could help detect anomalous aerospace platforms using engineered spacetime propulsion.
UNCLASSIFIED//F811. 8FFll!l*L 1!1!11! l!IIU:!Y cos[ co(t-zk)] part of the beam and into the sin[ co(t-z/c)] part [18, 40-44]." The observable that gets squeezed will have its fluctuations reduced below the vacuum ZPF. The act of squeezing transforms the phase space circular noise profile characteristic of the vacuum into an ellipse, whose semi major and semi minor axes are given by unequal quadrature uncertainties (of the quantized electromagnetic oscillator operators). This applies to coherent states in general, and the usual vacuum is also a coherent state with eigenvalue zero. As this ellipse rotates about the origin with angular frequency m, these unequal quadrature uncertainties manifest themselves in the electromagnetic field oscillator energy by periodic occurrences, which are separated by one quarter cycle, of both smaller and larger fluctuations compared to the unsqueezed vacuum. We digress momentarily by noting that coherent states, also called Glauber states, are the eigenstates of the annihilation operator G: ( 3) which have well-defined amplitudes lal and phases arg(a) (recall the discussion in Sect. IIB-1). They are called coherent states because light fields in these states are perfectly coherent, and high-quality lasers generate such fields. This is an important reason why high-quality laser light is an excellent tool for experimental quantum optics. Coherent states come as close as quantum mechanics allows to wave-like states of the electromagnetic oscillator. Because the wave aspects of light are commonly regarded as classical, coherent states are often called classical states. Furthermore, fields in statistical mixtures of coherent states (such as thermal fields) are classical as well, whereas any state that cannot be understood as an ensemble of coherent states is called nonclassical. The experimental generation and application of nonclassical light fields is the main subject of this report. Despite much recent progress, producing nonclassical states of light is still extremely challenging because they are easily destroyed (reduced to classical) by any kind of losses. Furthermore, it turns out that the vacuum is a coherent state as well because it satisfies Eq. (3) for a= 0. In other words, the vacuum is a zero-amplitude coherent state. With a little algebra we see directly from Eq. (3) that the mean (i.e., quantum expectation value of the) energy of a coherent state with unit frequency is (11a) =(ala'a+½la) =lal' +1- (4) Equation (4) is the sum of the classical wave intensity la1 2 and the vacuum zero-point energy 1/2. One simply multiplies the right-hand side of Eq. (4) by fzw to put (Ha) into units of energy. && z denotes the z-ax1s direction of beam propagation. 9 UNCLASSIFIED/,'P9Pl err1e1111t ~:!I! 9HLY
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 51 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.