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/specialCollection/MissileGap/1961/1961-04-25.pdf

Central Intelligence Agency · 101 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is National Intelligence Estimate 11-5-61, Soviet Technical Capabilities in Guided Missiles and Space Vehicles. It was submitted by the Director of Central Intelligence and concurred in by the United States Intelligence Board on 25 April 1961. The estimate assesses Soviet surface-to-air, antimissile, air-to-air, air-to-surface, ballistic, ICBM, naval and space programs. It concludes that the first Soviet ICBM unit was probably operational around 1 January 1960. It also says there is no evidence the Soviets are developing offensive space weapons. It contains no UFO material.

C00278407
,TOP SECRET
SOVIET TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES IN GUIDED MISSILES
AND SPACE VEHICLES
THE PROBLEM
To estimate Soviet capabilities and probable programs for the development of
guided missiles, and the major performance characteristics and dates of operational
availability of such missiles. In addition, to estimate the objectives and technical
capabilities of the Soviets in space. (The period covered runs through about 1966,
except where otherwise stated.)
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. Soviet capabilities in guided missiles
and space vehicles rest upon a major na-
tional effort in research and development
pursued over the past 15 years. The
USSR now has two major missile test
ranges at Kapustin Yar/Vladimirovka
and Tyuratam, an extremely large com-
plex at Sary Shagan for the development
of defenses against ballistic missiles, and
other lesser test facilities (see Figure 1).
The ICBM and space programs have
shared facilities on the Tyuratam range.
All of these facilities have been signifi-
cantly expanded within the past two or
three years.
2. The Soviets have concentrated on the
development of only a few systems at any
one time. With the possible exception
of the first surface-to-air system, deployed
around Moscow, there has been no indi-
cation that Soviet guided missiles were
developed on a "crash" basis. The So-
viets now have operationally available_ _
about 20 individual missile systems for
surface, air, and sea employment. To
date, they appear to have concentrated
on initial satisfaction of a broad range
of military requirements, and to have
given little attention to second generation
missile systems. Future Soviet efforts
probably will place greater emphasis on
" development of such systems as well as
the improvement of existing systems.
3. We have good evidence on the develop-
ment of most of the current Soviet missile
systems; our estimates of the remaining
systems are largely inferred from Soviet
requirements and technical capabilities.
Our ability to collect and interpret in-
formation on test firings of Soviet ballistic
missiles and space vehicles has been rela-
tively good. We are reasonably confident
TOP SECRET

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FOIA release, from the cia-readingroom collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 101 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.