“Sea”60+ pages
- p. 10 …the major responsibility for coverage of over-
seas operations, and in the fall of 1942 he…
- p. 53 …this department in operations over land
and sea, but none offered an acceptable solution to the…
- p. 58 …Because of the traditional importance of sea power in the national
scheme of defense, Mitchell’s…
- p. 59 …as the tactics of the ground
and sea forces,” the board recommended a ten-year expansion…
- p. 64 …entirely dependable force” for operating a t sea, and the
Army, which “with its own air…
- p. 74 …find a limited career on the high seas beyond the operational
radius of aircraft. In 1920…
- p. 76 …units should be attached to ground and sea
forces as auxiliaries.9*But, so long as…
- p. 83 …the conduct of air operations over
the sea in direct defense of the coast”; under certain…
- p. 86 …Aviation alone cannot pro-
tect our merchant marine or our troop movements by sea, but it…
- p. 96 …certain responsibilities for the
protection of coastwise sea lanes. But the Navy’s obligations, in
contradistinction…
- p. 97 …traditionally naval functions as patrol of coastal sea lanes. Placed
aboard a carrier, the airplane could…
- p. 98 …least 2 5 0 miles a t sea, and the importance of developing
seaward reconnaissance units…
- p. 105 …The Navy would provide aircraPt for
don, scouting, and patrolling over the sea and for the…
- p. 107 …It
is the only weapon which can engage, with equal facility, land, sea, and other
air…
- p. 108 …a great
nation as land power and sea power, and there is no hope for victory…
- p. 112 …advance of contact either upon land or sea, and that victory can-
not but incline to…
- p. 114 …responsible for coastal defense, convoy protection, and sea and
antisubmarine patrols. There was apparently little co…
- p. 118 …they
made relatively little provision for air-sea rescue of highly trained
personnel. In the matter…
- p. 119 …As opposed to
land and sea operations, in which the defensive attitude was easier than
the…
- p. 127 …Recon-
naissance and sea rescue work also figured in Luftwaffe operations.
The badly outnumbered Norwegian air…
- p. 128 …in combined
operations with the land and sea forces.” In keeping with French
military traditions, however…
- p. 133 …Atlantic
and in the Irish and North seas. The attempted air blockade achieved
a moderate degree…
- p. 138 …tradi-
tional policy of freedom of the seas and which denied to our govern-
ment the…
- p. 154 …Such additions to a com-
bination of Japanese, Italian, and German sea forces would have
imposed…
- p. 155 …force to intercept an enemy approaching by sea. The Navy had bit-
terly resented Air Corps…
- p. 157 …the point where it could cover all sea and land
areas from which enemy air power…
- p. 162 …The Caribbean Sea
was shaped somewhat in the fashion of a very flat wedge of pie…
- p. 173 …At the Roosevelt-Churchill conference at
sea in mid-August, Generals Marshall and Arnold had made…
- p. 177 …Near East,
India, and the Far East. Sea communications, upon which logistical
support of these widely…
- p. 181 …Hemisphere, support of naval forces in maintaining sea communica-
tions, and attacks on enemy shipping within…
- p. 188 …And to protect the
security of bases and the sea lanes which connected them with Amer…
- p. 198 …and to insure the safety of
essential sea communications.'s By the first week of December…
- p. 199 …Base commander, included inde-
pendent action againsr sea, land, and air objectives, support of land
and…
- p. 201 …and aircraft warning outposts fringing the Caribbean Sea." Dis-
tributed among the military fields and installations…
- p. 204 …and
against attacks by air, land, and sea forces, while the Navy mission
was to support…
- p. 208 …thorough reconnaissance and observation of
the air, sea, and land approaches to the Canal Zone.” Existing…
- p. 211 …base would put an increased strain on sea com-
munications a t a time when shipping…
- p. 235 …and cargo ships in harbors and at sea, confirming
the general assumption that some major move…
- p. 246 …But as the day advanced
the sea had roughened, and approximately fifty planes were smashed
in…
- p. 249 …the enemy fleet returned to the Inland Sea of Japan.17 Japanese
officials interviewed after the…
- p. 257 …a fruitless
flight over the South China Sea, where an enemy formation had been
From this…
- p. 259 …Meanwhile, the planes of the 3d Squadron returning from their
search over the South China Sea…
- p. 268 …depots had
been “completely ruined.” The submarine Sea Lion had been sunk
and other naval craft…
- p. 282 …and the prospect of breaking through the sea
blockade with a naval escort for convoys was…
- p. 286 …as its southward movement must be by sea, we counted
on neutralizing, if not wholly containing…
- p. 288 …maintenance
of designated lines of communication, both sea lanes and air routes;
forging and tightening a…
- p. 323 …This drastic shift in
the balance of sea power had exposed the Pacific coast and, in…
- p. 325 …innocent American freighter which had been at
sea without radio communication and had not heard of…
- p. 326 …by the time-consuming and vulner-
able sea route. T w o air routes were available…
- p. 329 …They were enemy
planes! I mean Japanese planes! And they were tracked out to sea. You…
- p. 332 …a Japanese submarine rose
out of the sea off Ellwood, a hamlet on the California coast…
- p. 333 …though the mysterious object tracked in from sea seems
to have vanished. At 0 2 4…
- p. 348 …on 26 March 1942 to the Eastern Sea Frontier."
It was accordingly within the Eastern and…
- p. 362 …provide for the
security of the principal sea routes and seven main air routes over
3…
- p. 363 …I N C I P A L SEA A N D A I R R O…
- p. 364 …because the Japanese had cut the
only sea and air lanes over which available reinforcements, such…
- p. 372 …around Africa
and up through the Red Sea to Egypt. A large base and an assembly…
- p. 419 …T h e former was engaged only in long-range over-
seas operations, while the latter…
- p. 433 …a key point in the defense of sea and air routes through the
South Pacific, and…
- p. 435 …an eastern invasion force would move
down through the Molucca Sea to occupy Manado, Kendari, and…
N O T E S T O P A G E S 9 3 - 1 0 5
Separate Branch of the British Military
Services, I May 1944, in special file cited
in n. 9; Hilary St. George Saunders, Per
Ardua: T h e Rise of British A i r Power,
1911-1939 (London, 19451, pp. ZIO, 259,
3 17-2 I .
31. Saunders, Per Ardun.
32. Special AAF Historical Study, Re-
view of Aerial Warfare for the Scientific
Advisory Board (Jan. 1945).
33. Arps and Quigley report.
34. For the following account see
T h e Battle of Britain, British Air Minis-
try account (New York, 1941); USSBS,
Over-all Report (European W a r ); Arps
and Quigley report.
35. USSBS, Over-all Report (Euro-
pean War);and T h e Effects of Strategic
Bombing on German W a r Economy
36. “Since the Battle of Britain,” RAF
37. Notes on the German Air Force.
38. Notes on the Russian Air Force,
in special file cited in n. 9.
39. Arps and Quigley report; Notes
on the German Air Force.
40. Air Ministry, Royal A i r Force
W a r Manual, Pt.I, Operations, Air Pub-
lication 1300, Feb. 1940.
41. [bid.; Production of Heavy Bomb-
ers in the United States of America
(British source, n.d.), in AFSHO files.
42. AL (41) 8th Mtg., War Cabinet,
American Liaison, 21 Nov. 1941; J.B. No.
325 (Serial No. 729), 25 Sept. 1941, Joint
Board to SPOBS, Comments on General
(Oct. 1945).
Journal, No. 11 (Sept. 1943)~p. 10.
Strategy, Review by the British Chiefs of
Staff.
NOTES TO CHAPTER 4
I. Message to the Congress, in State
Dept. collection of documents, Peace and
W a r : U.S. Foreign Policy, i931-1941
(Washington, 1943), pp. 403-5.
2 . Message to the Congress, I Z Jan.
1939, ibid., pp. 451-54.
3. On this general topic see Walter
Johnson, T h e Battle against Isolation
678
(Chicago, 1944). This book shows the
close relations between Roosevelt and
the Committee T o Defend America by
Aiding the Allies.
4. O n 5 September. Events Leading up
to W o r l d W a r 11, H. Doc. 541 (78th
Cong., zd sess.), p. 215 (hereinafter cited
as Events).
5 . Lend-Lease Directive No. I.
6. Peace and W a r , p. 452.
7. Statement of Maj. Gen. H.H.
Arnold, Chief of the Air Corps, Relative
to Air Corps Estimates for Fiscal Year
1941, dated 3/1/40.
8. AAF Historical Study No. 16, Leg-
islation Relating to the AAF Personnel
Program, 1939 to May 1944, pp. 1-12;
AAF Historical Study No. 22, Legislation
Relating to the AAF Materiel Program,
pp. ~ p - 2 0 ; N e w York Times, 5 Apr. 1939.
9. Report of Commanding General
A A F t o Secretary of W a r , 3 Jan. 1944;
N e u York Times, 5 Apr. 1939.
10. Arnold statement as cited in n. 7;
address of Maj. Gen. H.H. Arnold before
graduating class, Air Corps Tactical
School, 5 Dec. 1939. The appropriations
necessary for the undertaking of this
program, also known at times as the 2 5
Group Program, were provided by Public
No. 18 (76th Cong., 1st sess.), 53 Stat.
5 5 5 , 3 Apr. 1939, and Public No. 164,
53 Stat. 9949 I July 1939.
11. The 41 Group Program became
actually an integral part of the 54 Group
Program. Public No. 611 (76th Cong.,
3d sess.), 54 Stat. 350, 13 June 1940, and
Public No. 667, 54 Stat. 599, 26 June 1940,
appropriated funds covering the per-
sonnel and aircraft requirements of no
more than forty-one groups. That figure
remained the limit for which funds had
been appropriated until Public No. 800
(76th Cong., 3d sess.), 54 Stat. 965, 8 Oct.
1940, provided funds covering the differ-
ence between a 41-group and 54-group
objective.
12. A G 580 (628-40) M-F to C/AC,
Army’s First Aviation Objective, 29 June
1940; memo for C/S from Brig. Gen.
B.K. Yount, AC/AC, 6 Aug. 1940.
GHQAF and C/AC, Army’s Second
13. A G 580 (3-7-41) M-C-M to C G