The Army Air Forces in World War II, Vol. 1 (archived PDF)

T H E A R M Y A I R F O R C E S I N W O R L D W A R I 1
Wake carried one Japanese outpost to a point less than 1,200 miles
from Midway, and both islands lay squarely astride the central Pacific
air route to the Far East.
Defense of the South Pacific Route
It has been indicated elsewhere that the fear of just such a loss of
the central Pacific bases had driven Air Corps planners to push hard
for an alternate line through the islands of the South Pacific. By the
spring of 1942,their efforts were approaching completion and the
route across the islands was usable; actually, the trail-blazing flight
had been made in January. But establishment of the operating facilities
alone was not the only claim placed upon the resources of the Allies
by the island bases; unless adequate defenses were provided for these
Pacific steppingstones, the southern line to Australia might well be cut
even as the northern route had been blocked. The attempt to reinforce
the Philippines by sending planes eastward across the South Atlantic
and Africa, thence on to India and down through the Netherlands
East Indies, carried with it a prohibitive attrition rate. Furthermore,
the fall of the Indies to the Japanese in February and March had
placed the enemy athwart this route and threatened possible air lanes
across the Indian Ocean, so that now nothing remained but the new
and untried path down through the South Pacific islands.
In their prior planning, Army and Navy commanders had devoted
scant attention to the problems of moving land-based aircraft across
Pacific atolls and islands, or of defending the bases which made such
movement possible. The Army and Navy Joint Board Estimate of
September 1941had ignored the necessity of such defense; the Philip-
pines were in US.hands and, accordingly, the board had planned to
concentrate land-based aviation in these islands and the Hawaiian
group.2 Elsewhere in Pacific waters it was assumed that the U.S. Navy
would restrain the Japanese, but this theory now was open to revision
in view of the fact that the bulk of what then was regarded as the
fleet’s offensive and defensive power lay fast in the mud at Pearl Har-
bor. Thus the island bases stood in more urgent need of local defense
than was originally appreciated, for there could be no assurance that
the enemy would terminate his expansion with the capture of Rabaul
or Wake; at this stage of the war it was the Japanese rather than the
Allies who determined the limits of enemy aggression.
Even though much of the U.S. striking power had been lost in the
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