The Army Air Forces in World War II, Vol. 1 (archived PDF)

A I R T R A N S P O R T A N D F E R R Y I N G
arrived to staff them. On 2 1 October, a DC-3 took off on the first
scheduled flight from Accra to Khartoum; and by the end of that
month, seven aircraft and thirty pilots were maintaining regular
scheduled operation^.^^
Plans formulated during the summer of 1941 for the opening of
the South Atlantic route to the Middle East went no further than the
establishment of the contract services. But in the fall of that year a
significant development of policy brought about the inauguration of
a military ferrying service and a military transport service, for which
in both instances the Ferrying Command assumed responsibility. As
the Germans in 1941turned from the west to the east, going to the
assistance of the Italians in Africa, driving victoriously through the
Balkans into Greece and Crete, and hurling the main weight of their
military might against the Russians during the summer, support of
the British position in the Middle East had come to be a main concern
of those charged with administration of America’s lend-lease policy.
Not only was it there that the British were now hardest pressed, but
the extension of lend-lease aid to the Soviet Union following the
German attack in June had given new significance to the defense of
all that general area which controlled approaches to a line of supply
leading up from the Persian Gulf through Iran to Russia. A North
African military mission under Brig. Gen. Russell H. Maxwell had
been established at Cairo on I 3 September 1941, with responsibilities
similar to those of the special observers in London; * and, as plans
were laid for an increasing flow of American air materiel to the
Middle East, attention was directed to ways and means by which
assistance could be rendered in meeting special problems of mainte-
nance and supply for U.S.-built
A military air transport service over the South Atlantic, linking
Washington with Cairo, was opened on 14 November 1941.As early
as July of that year, when the North Atlantic shuttle service started,
the Ferrying Command had begun looking ahead for an alternate
route to which operations could be shifted with the approach of
winter. At that time, no serious consideration was given to opening
a service to Cairo. The immediate need was to find a more southerly,
all-weather route into the British Isles in order to maintain the air
connection with London and, even more important, to enable the
British to continue during the winter the uninterrupted movement of
* See above, p. 109, and below, pp. 577-79.
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