Documents / Hearing transcript

Symposium on unidentified flying objects: hearings before the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, second session, July 29, 1968.

U.S. House of Representatives · 1968-07-29 · 256 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is the printed record of a July 29, 1968 symposium on unidentified flying objects held by the Committee on Science and Astronautics of the U.S. House of Representatives, chaired by Rep. J. Edward Roush. The committee heard statements from six scientists: J. Allen Hynek, James E. McDonald, Carl Sagan, Robert L. Hall, James A. Harder and Robert M. L. Baker. It also printed papers from Donald Menzel, Stanton Friedman, Frank Salisbury and others. Hynek argued that puzzling UFO reports from competent witnesses deserve serious scientific study.

  • p. 7 …of advanced technological ma- chinery manned by some kind of intelligence, that is, the extrater- restrial…
  • p. 9 …American Association for the Advancement of Science; Astronomy Society(secretary). Specialty: Astrophysics. Fields of Interest: Stellar…
  • p. 19 …The Air Force has no evidence that UFO's are extra-terrestrial or rep- resent advanced…
  • p. 24 18 (The biography of Dr.McDonald follows:) DR. JAMES E. MCDONAI,D Born: Duluth, Minn., May…
  • p. 29 …from some advanced technology sufficiently advanced to do what we cannot do in the sense of…
  • p. 32 …The possibility that these are extraterrestrial devices, that we are dealing with surveillance from some advanced…
  • p. 40 …THE UNCONVENTIONAL NATURE OF THE UFO PROBLEM To both laymen and scientists, the impressive progress that…
  • p. 48 …At first, they thought it was a jet, whose exhaust was somehow accounting for the advancing…
  • p. 59 …advanced civilization of extraterrestrial origin, the pattern of the observa- tions, the motivation of the surveillance…
  • p. 75 …To ignore most of the salient features of a sighting in order to advance an easy…
  • p. 94 …Now, if we want to assess the likelihood that there are intelligentcivilizations somewhere in advance of…
  • p. 95 …be far in advance of our own,and this,therefore raises the question of how likely…
  • p. 96 …that an advance civilization comes here very rarely. But I again emphasize the great uncertainty in…
  • p. 97 91 So, to conclude what I understand is the main reason why this committee has asked…
  • p. 100 …the possibility of its development by other civilizations. But if each of, say, a million advanced…
  • p. 101 …a race of advanced and benign creatures were devoted to our welfare. The interest in unidentified…
  • p. 111 …The possible value of contact for purposes of advancing our knowledge of our technology. Let's…
  • p. 112 …again the same possible great value from under- standing the phenomenon in order to advance our…
  • p. 116 …We must then concern ourselves with the possible consequences of contact with technologically advanced civilizations whose…
  • p. 117 111 the task. We must also 'be concerned with the risks of panic resulting in people…
  • p. 124 …Gravitation remains one of the enigmas of modern science, although there have been some advances in…
  • p. 125 …This will depend upon advances in many fields of science. Some of the things required will…
  • p. 130 …Gravitation remains one of the enigmas of modern science, although there have been some advances in…
  • p. 132 …Baker's professional society memberships include the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, Phi…
  • p. 140 …There have been many debates on the technical capabilities or limits on the capabilities of advanced…
  • p. 141 135 area of forecasting the social characteristics of an advanced extrater- restrial civilization. Philosophers, social scientists…
  • p. 142 …in the environs of the earth, or to make dubious speculations either concerning "their" advanced scientific…
  • p. 143 …the gross characteristics of an advanced civilization. These studies (probablynot Government funded) should include the social…
  • p. 150 …Applications and Advanced Topics, Academic Press, New York, pp. 112-115 and pp. 376 to 392…
  • p. 153 147 00015 "Recent Advances in Astrodynamics," (with Samuel Herrick), Jet Propul- sion, 28, No. 10, 1958…
  • p. 154 …00040 "State-of-the-Art-1960 Astrodynamics,"Astronautics, 5, No. 11, 30, 1960. 00041 "Novel Orbit…
  • p. 157 …Makemson) 00071 Astrodynamics - Applications and Advanced Topics, Academic Press, New York, 1967. 00072 "Recent Advances in…
  • p. 171 …In the past five years, he has advanced from assistant bookkeeper to teller to head teller…
  • p. 174 …He has no desire to advance any further up the bank totem pole, says he never…
  • p. 189 …advanced radar systems air being de- vekii2ed for our missile defense systems, such as the ALTAR…
  • p. 190 …of the Earth or to make very dubious speculations 191, t101 either concerning "their" advanced scientific…
  • p. 203 …The primary attribute of an advanced intelligent civilization is its ability to create its own environment…
  • p. 204 …Menzel became acting Director of Harvard College Observatory and, in 1954, was advanced to the Directorship…
  • p. 207 …approach it or advances as you move away. As we look over the Air Force files…
  • p. 210 …Or at least that is the com- mon argument advanced by UFO buffs. Radar is cursed…
  • p. 212 …Life Member of American Association for the Advancement of Science. Professional Organizational Activities: State delegate to…
  • p. 217 …our level of advancement? As noted in the Special Report of the USAF Scientific Advisory Board…
  • p. 219 …Friedman has a relatively unique background in advanced technology, hav- ing been actively involved in the…
  • p. 222 …the existence of advanced civilizations. We frequently forget that the resolution of present photographs of the…
  • p. 223 …36, 37) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science is planning a UFO seminar…
  • p. 224 …reason, would not examine the data relevant to UFOs or advanced technology. Marcowitz was totally wrong…
  • p. 225 …reason, would not examine the data relevant to UFOs or advanced technology. Marcowitz was totally wrong…
  • p. 226 …B., "The Phenomenological Aspects of Magnetogasdynamic Re-entry." Presented at the 10th Midwestern Mechanics Conference, Colorado…
  • p. 227 …not alone in the Universe and surely some civilizations are more advanced than ours, but interstellar…
  • p. 233 …possible sites in advance, we could simply move in to recover the desired information after an…
  • p. 234 …The effectiveness of the proposed procedure would depend very heavily upon the amount of thought, care…
  • p. 237 …listed in advance on a 'standardized rating sheet. However this part of the experiment will not…
26
Meteorological
optics
is
a
subject
that
I
enjoy
and
have
looked
into
over the
years rather
carefully,
and
I
must
express
for
the
record
my
very strong
disagreement
with
Dr.
Donald
H.
Menzel,
former
director
of
Harvard
Observatory,
whose
two
books
on
the
subject
of
UFO's
lean
primarily
on
meteorological explanations.
I
have
checked
case
after
case
of
his,
and
his
explanations are very,
very far
removed
fromwhat
are
well-known
principles
and
quantitative aspects
of
meteor-
ological
optic
objects.
He
has
made
statements
that
simply
do
not
fit
what
is
known
about
meteorological
objects.
I
would
be
prepared
to
talk
all
day
on
specific
illustrations
but time
will
not permit
more.
Secondly,
there
has
more
recently
been
a
suggestion
made
by
"Avia-
tion
Week"
Senior
Editor
Philip
J.
Klass, that the
really interesting
UFO's
are
atmospheric
-electrical
plasmas of
some
type
similar
to
ball
lightning,
but
perhaps something
different,
something
we
don't
yet
understand
but
are generated
by
atmospheric
processes.
The
first
time
anyone
tried
the
ball
lightning hypothesis
was
in
Air
Force
Project
Grudge,
back
in 1949.
The
Weather Bureau
was
asked
to
do
a
special
study
of
ball
lightning.
I
recently
got
a
declassified
copy
of
that,
and
the
Air
Force
position
at that time,
and
since
then
was
that
ball
lightning
doesn't
come
near
to explaining
these
sight-
ings.
I
concur
in
that.
When
you
deal
with
multiple-witness
cases
in-
volving
discs
with
metallic
luster,
definite
outline,
seen in the
day-
time, completely
removed
from a
thunderstorm, perhaps
seen
over
center
Manhattan,
or perhaps
in
Redlands,
Calif.,
they
are
not
ball
lightning
or
plasmas.
In
weather
completely
unrelated to
anything
that could provide
a
source
of
energy, the continuous
power
source required to
maintain
aplasma
in
the
face
of
recombination
and
decay of
a
plasma,
Klass'
views
just
do
not
make
good
sense.
It
is
just
not
reasonable
to suggest
that,
say
the
BOAC
Strato-
cruiser
that
was
followed
by
six
UFO's
for
90
miles
up
in the St.
Lawrence
Valley
in
1954
was
followed
by
a
plasma,or that
these
peoplein
Redlands were
looking
at
a
plasma, or
that the
20
or
so
objects
that
went
over
Farmington
were
plasmas.
One
of
the
most
characteristic
features
of
a
plasma
is
its
very
short
lifetime
and
exceedingly great
instability,
as
some
of your
members
will
know
from
your
contact
with
fusion research
problems.
The
diffi-
culty
of
sustaining
a plasma
for
more
than
microseconds
is
a
very great
difficulty.
To
suggest that
clear
weather
conditions
can
somehow
cre-
ate
and
maintain plasmas
that
persist
for
many
minutes,
and
fool
pilots
with
18,000
flight
hours
into
thinking that they
are white-
and
red
-domed
discs,
to take
a
very
famous
case
over Philadelphia
wherethe
pilot
thought he was
about 100
yards
from
this
dome
-disc, is
un-
reasonable.
It
is
not a
scientifically
well-defended viewpoint.
To
conclude, then,
my
position
is
that
UFO's
are
entirely real
and
we do
not
know what
they
are, because
we
have laughed
them out of
court.
The
possibility
that these are
extraterrestrial devices,
that
we
are
dealing with
surveillance
from some advanced technology,
is
a
possi-bility
I
take very
seriously.
I
reach that hypothesis, as
my
preferred hypothesis, not by hard
fact,
hardware,
tailfins,
or reading
license plates,
but by having ex-

Cases discussed

About this file

Hearing transcript, from the govinfo collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 256 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.