Documents / Hearing transcript

Symposium on unidentified flying objects: hearings before the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, second session, July 29, 1968.

U.S. House of Representatives · 1968-07-29 · 256 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is the printed record of a July 29, 1968 symposium on unidentified flying objects held by the Committee on Science and Astronautics of the U.S. House of Representatives, chaired by Rep. J. Edward Roush. The committee heard statements from six scientists: J. Allen Hynek, James E. McDonald, Carl Sagan, Robert L. Hall, James A. Harder and Robert M. L. Baker. It also printed papers from Donald Menzel, Stanton Friedman, Frank Salisbury and others. Hynek argued that puzzling UFO reports from competent witnesses deserve serious scientific study.

  • p. 7 …of advanced technological ma- chinery manned by some kind of intelligence, that is, the extrater- restrial…
  • p. 9 …American Association for the Advancement of Science; Astronomy Society(secretary). Specialty: Astrophysics. Fields of Interest: Stellar…
  • p. 19 …The Air Force has no evidence that UFO's are extra-terrestrial or rep- resent advanced…
  • p. 24 18 (The biography of Dr.McDonald follows:) DR. JAMES E. MCDONAI,D Born: Duluth, Minn., May…
  • p. 29 …from some advanced technology sufficiently advanced to do what we cannot do in the sense of…
  • p. 32 …The possibility that these are extraterrestrial devices, that we are dealing with surveillance from some advanced…
  • p. 40 …THE UNCONVENTIONAL NATURE OF THE UFO PROBLEM To both laymen and scientists, the impressive progress that…
  • p. 48 …At first, they thought it was a jet, whose exhaust was somehow accounting for the advancing…
  • p. 59 …advanced civilization of extraterrestrial origin, the pattern of the observa- tions, the motivation of the surveillance…
  • p. 75 …To ignore most of the salient features of a sighting in order to advance an easy…
  • p. 94 …Now, if we want to assess the likelihood that there are intelligentcivilizations somewhere in advance of…
  • p. 95 …be far in advance of our own,and this,therefore raises the question of how likely…
  • p. 96 …that an advance civilization comes here very rarely. But I again emphasize the great uncertainty in…
  • p. 97 91 So, to conclude what I understand is the main reason why this committee has asked…
  • p. 100 …the possibility of its development by other civilizations. But if each of, say, a million advanced…
  • p. 101 …a race of advanced and benign creatures were devoted to our welfare. The interest in unidentified…
  • p. 111 …The possible value of contact for purposes of advancing our knowledge of our technology. Let's…
  • p. 112 …again the same possible great value from under- standing the phenomenon in order to advance our…
  • p. 116 …We must then concern ourselves with the possible consequences of contact with technologically advanced civilizations whose…
  • p. 117 111 the task. We must also 'be concerned with the risks of panic resulting in people…
  • p. 124 …Gravitation remains one of the enigmas of modern science, although there have been some advances in…
  • p. 125 …This will depend upon advances in many fields of science. Some of the things required will…
  • p. 130 …Gravitation remains one of the enigmas of modern science, although there have been some advances in…
  • p. 132 …Baker's professional society memberships include the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, Phi…
  • p. 140 …There have been many debates on the technical capabilities or limits on the capabilities of advanced…
  • p. 141 135 area of forecasting the social characteristics of an advanced extrater- restrial civilization. Philosophers, social scientists…
  • p. 142 …in the environs of the earth, or to make dubious speculations either concerning "their" advanced scientific…
  • p. 143 …the gross characteristics of an advanced civilization. These studies (probablynot Government funded) should include the social…
  • p. 150 …Applications and Advanced Topics, Academic Press, New York, pp. 112-115 and pp. 376 to 392…
  • p. 153 147 00015 "Recent Advances in Astrodynamics," (with Samuel Herrick), Jet Propul- sion, 28, No. 10, 1958…
  • p. 154 …00040 "State-of-the-Art-1960 Astrodynamics,"Astronautics, 5, No. 11, 30, 1960. 00041 "Novel Orbit…
  • p. 157 …Makemson) 00071 Astrodynamics - Applications and Advanced Topics, Academic Press, New York, 1967. 00072 "Recent Advances in…
  • p. 171 …In the past five years, he has advanced from assistant bookkeeper to teller to head teller…
  • p. 174 …He has no desire to advance any further up the bank totem pole, says he never…
  • p. 189 …advanced radar systems air being de- vekii2ed for our missile defense systems, such as the ALTAR…
  • p. 190 …of the Earth or to make very dubious speculations 191, t101 either concerning "their" advanced scientific…
  • p. 203 …The primary attribute of an advanced intelligent civilization is its ability to create its own environment…
  • p. 204 …Menzel became acting Director of Harvard College Observatory and, in 1954, was advanced to the Directorship…
  • p. 207 …approach it or advances as you move away. As we look over the Air Force files…
  • p. 210 …Or at least that is the com- mon argument advanced by UFO buffs. Radar is cursed…
  • p. 212 …Life Member of American Association for the Advancement of Science. Professional Organizational Activities: State delegate to…
  • p. 217 …our level of advancement? As noted in the Special Report of the USAF Scientific Advisory Board…
  • p. 219 …Friedman has a relatively unique background in advanced technology, hav- ing been actively involved in the…
  • p. 222 …the existence of advanced civilizations. We frequently forget that the resolution of present photographs of the…
  • p. 223 …36, 37) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science is planning a UFO seminar…
  • p. 224 …reason, would not examine the data relevant to UFOs or advanced technology. Marcowitz was totally wrong…
  • p. 225 …reason, would not examine the data relevant to UFOs or advanced technology. Marcowitz was totally wrong…
  • p. 226 …B., "The Phenomenological Aspects of Magnetogasdynamic Re-entry." Presented at the 10th Midwestern Mechanics Conference, Colorado…
  • p. 227 …not alone in the Universe and surely some civilizations are more advanced than ours, but interstellar…
  • p. 233 …possible sites in advance, we could simply move in to recover the desired information after an…
  • p. 234 …The effectiveness of the proposed procedure would depend very heavily upon the amount of thought, care…
  • p. 237 …listed in advance on a 'standardized rating sheet. However this part of the experiment will not…
232
TABLE
I
Label
describing
visual
appearance
(excluding chromatic
colors)
(a)
(b)
Number
of
Number
of
occurrences
occurrences
in
206
actual
in
475
de
-
UFO
cases
scriptions
of
photographs
Appreciable
discrepancies
1.
Disk
shaped
27
42
2.
Circular
24 24
3.
Round
22
25
4.
Metallic
19
41
5.
Domed
top
15
21
6.
Starlike
(point
of
light)
14
6
-
7.
Cigar
shaped
13
1
-
_
8.
Spherical
12
9
9.
Ball
shaped
11
0
-
10.
Fiery
appearance
11
0
-
11.
Trail
of
vapor
or
smoke
10
13
12. Portholes or
windows
10
0
-
13.
Pattern
of
lights
9
0
-
14.
White
filaments
emitted
9 0
-
15.
Oval
6
19
±
16.
Flat
6 8
17.
Elliptical
5
9
18.
Dumbbell
shaped
5
0
19.
Football
shaped
4
1
20.
White
4
0
21.
Saucer
shaped
3
12
+
22.
Egg
shaped
3
5
23.
Diamond
shaped
3 0
24.
Silvery
3
0
25.
Saturn
shaped
2 7
26.
Top
shaped
2
5
27.
Conical
2
3
28.
Washtub
shaped
2
0
29.
Two
washbowls
rim
-to
-rim
2
0
30.
Two
plates
rim
-to
-rim
2
0
31.
Long
tail
2
0
32.
Emitting
flame
2
0
33.
Hat shaped
1
35
+ +
Total
265
251
The two
columns of numbers,
then, present the
resulting
frequencies
of
occur-
rence
(a)
in the
206
ac,ual
UFO
reports
and
(b)
in
the
475
opportunities
forthese
same
descriptive
terms
to
arise
in
the experiment with the
photographs.Direct
numerical comparisons are
somewhat
hazardous
owing
to
the
different
circumstances
in
which
the
two
sets
of
descriptive
terms
arose.
In terms
merely
of
opportunities,
the
numbers
in
the second
column
should
be
about
twice
as
large
as
those
in
the
first.
However,
the
totals
for the
two
columns
are
nearly
equal
and,
so,
the
real
encoun:ers
evidently
were
relatively
more
productive
of
descriptive
terms on
the average.
Numerically small
.departures
or
departures
in
which
the second
number
is
somewhere
between
the
size
of the
first
number and
twice that
size
are probably not very
significant
therefore.
The
remaining
positive
and
negative discrepancies
of
appreciable
size
are
indi-
cated
by
the plus
and minus
signs in
the
right
-most column.
Some
of
these
areprobably explainable in
terms
of the two-dimensional, achromatic,
and
stationary
character of the photographs
(e.g.,
#10
&
13), or
in
terms
of
differences
in vocab-
ulary
to
be
expected
between the
unselected witnesses
and
the
college
-educatedsubjects
of the experiment
(e.g.,
#9 &
15).
Other
discrepancies,
however,
suggest
either
that
some
shapes, such
as
the
so-called
"cigar"
(
#7),
were
not adequatelyrepresented in the
sample
of photographs, or that
some
shapes, such as
those
most
frequently said to resemble
a
"hat"
(
#33),
are
especially likely
to
havebeen of fraudulent
origin.
(Among
the
objects included in the above
figure
that
were
often said
to be hat
-like
are C3, which
we
already noted
is
almost
certainly
a
1937 Ford hubcap; E4, which
doesn't
seem
to
fit
very well with the usualdescriptions
of
UFOs;
and G2,
which, although
it
too doesn't coincide
with at
least
my
notion of
a
"flying saucer,"
does however
correspond rather
closely
with several other photographs.)

Cases discussed

About this file

Hearing transcript, from the govinfo collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 256 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.