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Symposium on unidentified flying objects: hearings before the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, second session, July 29, 1968.

U.S. House of Representatives · 1968-07-29 · 256 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is the printed record of a July 29, 1968 symposium on unidentified flying objects held by the Committee on Science and Astronautics of the U.S. House of Representatives, chaired by Rep. J. Edward Roush. The committee heard statements from six scientists: J. Allen Hynek, James E. McDonald, Carl Sagan, Robert L. Hall, James A. Harder and Robert M. L. Baker. It also printed papers from Donald Menzel, Stanton Friedman, Frank Salisbury and others. Hynek argued that puzzling UFO reports from competent witnesses deserve serious scientific study.

  • p. 5 …Carl Sagan, associate professor of astronomy, Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University 86 Dr…
  • p. 8 …Carl Sagan, Department of Astronomy and Center for RadiophYsics and Space Research, Cornell University; Dr. Robert…
  • p. 91 …Our next participant is Dr.Carl Sagan. Dr. Sagan is associate professor of astronomy in the…
  • p. 92 …CARL SAGAN, DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N.Y. Dr. SAGAN. Thank you very much…
  • p. 95 …electrical pulses he can't explain? Dr. SAGAN. Yes, sir. There are now five objects in…
  • p. 96 …t that a rather arbitrary statement? Dr. SAGAN. I don't think so. Perhaps you can…
  • p. 98 …UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS* (by Carl Sagan) Unidentified flying objects (UFO's) is the generic term for…
  • p. 101 …CARL SAGAN, Department of Astronomy, Cornell University. Thank you. Mr. HECHLER. Dr. Sagan, there have been…
  • p. 102 …trying to do things in Australia? Dr. SAGAN. To the best of my knowledge there is…
  • p. 103 …I believe you coauthored a book with a Russian, is that correct? Dr.SAGAN. That is…
  • p. 104 …say there is extra- terrestrial life? Dr. SAGAN. Yes, sir; it certainly would, but not cinch…
  • p. 113 …one basket. I certainly agree with Dr. Sagan's view that there are these very intense…
  • p. 143 …See, for ex- ample, Shklovskii and Sagan (1966), chapters 27, 28, 30, and 34. (6) Technological…
  • p. 151 …and Sagan C. (1966) Intelligent Life in the Universe, Holden-Day, Inc. San Francisco. 23) Singer…
  • p. 196 …a real free for all. Dr. Sagan. Dr. SAGAN. I just wanted to underline one point…
  • p. 197 191 Dr. SAGAN. That is just what I was going to say. Certain velocity and altitude…
  • p. 199 …barium, although that seems somewhat unlikely. Dr. SAGAN. So some comparison analysis has been made for…
  • p. 203 …McDonald, Dr. Harder, Dr. Hynek, and Dr. Sagan, I believe that you people have made a…
  • p. 225 …R.; Sagan, C., "A Search for Life on Earth at KilometerResolution," Icarus, Vol. 5, January 1966…
  • p. 245 …While Sagan (1963) fails to see any pattern be- cause of the noise, other investigators feel…
  • p. 251 …Cri- terion Books, New York. 285 pp. Sagan, C. 1963. Unidentified flying objects. The Encyclopedia Amen…
191
Dr. SAGAN. That is just what I was going to say. Certain velocity
and altitude limitations.
Mr. BOONE. With that I agree. But I don't think we make many
sightings at that altitude. We do have a problem here of what you
want to look at. So in fact I think the thrust of Dr. Baker's argument
here was that most of the Air Force equipment do not supply the
material you would like to have.
So you are going to have to go to a much lower altitude, and you
are going to have to check a much larger number of targets.
Dr. SAGAN. I may have misunderstood, but my understanding was,
since all of these "uninteresting," trajectory objects are thrown away,
we have no way of knowing at the present time whether there are or
are not large numbers of interesting objects at altitudes above 90,000
feet.
Mr. BOONE. What this means is you check each one and determine
its trajectory, and then throw it away, so it no longer becomes a sim-
ple task of saying "Oh,I only want to look at the unidentified ones."
I have to check each one, and discard it.
Dr. SAGAN. Isn't that being done already?
Mr. BOONE. No,it doesn't do it below certain altitudes.
Dr. SAGAN. Right.
Mr. BOONE. All right. Certain targets are picked up at certain
ranges, are they not?
Dr. SAGAN. Right. So therefore the suggestion is that within the
altitude range,that is being used anyway by the surveillance radar
Mr. BOONE. You complicate the procedure.
Dr. SAGAN. Slightly.
Mr. BOONE. The procedure is used but it involves the software again
which is much more difficult to add to the systems than I believe is
being presented. It can be done, there is no question it can be done.
Dr. HARDER. I would agree the amount of effort that goes into the
relative softwares, although by no means a $100 million project, it is
not a very simple project.
Mr. RousH. Dr. McDonald,do you have a comment?
Dr. MCDONALD. Yes. I would underscore another one of the points,•
the general points that Dr. Baker made. I think it addresses itself to
the question raised. Both scientists and members of the public are quite
aware we have many monitoring radar systems, optical and so on.
This question is raised often, why aren't ITFO's tracked? The point
one is struck with in studying each of these systems in turn is the large
degree of selectivity that is necessarily built into them. Good examples
were cited by Dr.Baker.
It has to be kept well in mind that even systems like SAGE when
they were developed necessarily had to have programed into them
certain speed limits both lower and upper, certain safe requirements
like if the target was on an outbound path it could be ignored. In
almost every monitoring system you set up, whether for defense or
scientific purposes, if you don't want to be snowed with data, you in-
tentionally built selectivity in, and then you do not see what you are
not looking for.
Consequently, this point is important,that despite our many sensing
and monitoring systems, the fact that they don't repeatedly turn up

Cases discussed

About this file

Hearing transcript, from the govinfo collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 256 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.