Documents / Hearing transcript

Symposium on unidentified flying objects: hearings before the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, second session, July 29, 1968.

U.S. House of Representatives · 1968-07-29 · 256 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is the printed record of a July 29, 1968 symposium on unidentified flying objects held by the Committee on Science and Astronautics of the U.S. House of Representatives, chaired by Rep. J. Edward Roush. The committee heard statements from six scientists: J. Allen Hynek, James E. McDonald, Carl Sagan, Robert L. Hall, James A. Harder and Robert M. L. Baker. It also printed papers from Donald Menzel, Stanton Friedman, Frank Salisbury and others. Hynek argued that puzzling UFO reports from competent witnesses deserve serious scientific study.

  • p. 7 …of advanced technological ma- chinery manned by some kind of intelligence, that is, the extrater- restrial…
  • p. 9 …American Association for the Advancement of Science; Astronomy Society(secretary). Specialty: Astrophysics. Fields of Interest: Stellar…
  • p. 19 …The Air Force has no evidence that UFO's are extra-terrestrial or rep- resent advanced…
  • p. 24 18 (The biography of Dr.McDonald follows:) DR. JAMES E. MCDONAI,D Born: Duluth, Minn., May…
  • p. 29 …from some advanced technology sufficiently advanced to do what we cannot do in the sense of…
  • p. 32 …The possibility that these are extraterrestrial devices, that we are dealing with surveillance from some advanced…
  • p. 40 …THE UNCONVENTIONAL NATURE OF THE UFO PROBLEM To both laymen and scientists, the impressive progress that…
  • p. 48 …At first, they thought it was a jet, whose exhaust was somehow accounting for the advancing…
  • p. 59 …advanced civilization of extraterrestrial origin, the pattern of the observa- tions, the motivation of the surveillance…
  • p. 75 …To ignore most of the salient features of a sighting in order to advance an easy…
  • p. 94 …Now, if we want to assess the likelihood that there are intelligentcivilizations somewhere in advance of…
  • p. 95 …be far in advance of our own,and this,therefore raises the question of how likely…
  • p. 96 …that an advance civilization comes here very rarely. But I again emphasize the great uncertainty in…
  • p. 97 91 So, to conclude what I understand is the main reason why this committee has asked…
  • p. 100 …the possibility of its development by other civilizations. But if each of, say, a million advanced…
  • p. 101 …a race of advanced and benign creatures were devoted to our welfare. The interest in unidentified…
  • p. 111 …The possible value of contact for purposes of advancing our knowledge of our technology. Let's…
  • p. 112 …again the same possible great value from under- standing the phenomenon in order to advance our…
  • p. 116 …We must then concern ourselves with the possible consequences of contact with technologically advanced civilizations whose…
  • p. 117 111 the task. We must also 'be concerned with the risks of panic resulting in people…
  • p. 124 …Gravitation remains one of the enigmas of modern science, although there have been some advances in…
  • p. 125 …This will depend upon advances in many fields of science. Some of the things required will…
  • p. 130 …Gravitation remains one of the enigmas of modern science, although there have been some advances in…
  • p. 132 …Baker's professional society memberships include the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, Phi…
  • p. 140 …There have been many debates on the technical capabilities or limits on the capabilities of advanced…
  • p. 141 135 area of forecasting the social characteristics of an advanced extrater- restrial civilization. Philosophers, social scientists…
  • p. 142 …in the environs of the earth, or to make dubious speculations either concerning "their" advanced scientific…
  • p. 143 …the gross characteristics of an advanced civilization. These studies (probablynot Government funded) should include the social…
  • p. 150 …Applications and Advanced Topics, Academic Press, New York, pp. 112-115 and pp. 376 to 392…
  • p. 153 147 00015 "Recent Advances in Astrodynamics," (with Samuel Herrick), Jet Propul- sion, 28, No. 10, 1958…
  • p. 154 …00040 "State-of-the-Art-1960 Astrodynamics,"Astronautics, 5, No. 11, 30, 1960. 00041 "Novel Orbit…
  • p. 157 …Makemson) 00071 Astrodynamics - Applications and Advanced Topics, Academic Press, New York, 1967. 00072 "Recent Advances in…
  • p. 171 …In the past five years, he has advanced from assistant bookkeeper to teller to head teller…
  • p. 174 …He has no desire to advance any further up the bank totem pole, says he never…
  • p. 189 …advanced radar systems air being de- vekii2ed for our missile defense systems, such as the ALTAR…
  • p. 190 …of the Earth or to make very dubious speculations 191, t101 either concerning "their" advanced scientific…
  • p. 203 …The primary attribute of an advanced intelligent civilization is its ability to create its own environment…
  • p. 204 …Menzel became acting Director of Harvard College Observatory and, in 1954, was advanced to the Directorship…
  • p. 207 …approach it or advances as you move away. As we look over the Air Force files…
  • p. 210 …Or at least that is the com- mon argument advanced by UFO buffs. Radar is cursed…
  • p. 212 …Life Member of American Association for the Advancement of Science. Professional Organizational Activities: State delegate to…
  • p. 217 …our level of advancement? As noted in the Special Report of the USAF Scientific Advisory Board…
  • p. 219 …Friedman has a relatively unique background in advanced technology, hav- ing been actively involved in the…
  • p. 222 …the existence of advanced civilizations. We frequently forget that the resolution of present photographs of the…
  • p. 223 …36, 37) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science is planning a UFO seminar…
  • p. 224 …reason, would not examine the data relevant to UFOs or advanced technology. Marcowitz was totally wrong…
  • p. 225 …reason, would not examine the data relevant to UFOs or advanced technology. Marcowitz was totally wrong…
  • p. 226 …B., "The Phenomenological Aspects of Magnetogasdynamic Re-entry." Presented at the 10th Midwestern Mechanics Conference, Colorado…
  • p. 227 …not alone in the Universe and surely some civilizations are more advanced than ours, but interstellar…
  • p. 233 …possible sites in advance, we could simply move in to recover the desired information after an…
  • p. 234 …The effectiveness of the proposed procedure would depend very heavily upon the amount of thought, care…
  • p. 237 …listed in advance on a 'standardized rating sheet. However this part of the experiment will not…
179
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N.T.TuDE
tOURIE
3•
MOTION
OF
UFO
SYSTIM
a..„.
—
73
2.3
2.n
23,
230
223
220
[WS
.1.
-
.
Ara,
A07.•
IG0 IS5
IN,
Nteasurable
Foreground
First
Appears
on
Frame
222.
223.
.20.8.
I
--
.00-ptif
4
"
114
0
1
226.
227.
2210
•/1.1,
14
FIGURE
3b
SEPAR•TION
DIST•NCE
OF
UFO
SYSTEM
IcaStIrahlt
.
on,r000.1
First
Appuars
1
Anes•
120
j
ric_lic
i
;ga
rg,11?
is,
"
sis-
aio•
r
•
II
10
TM(
ISICONOSI--.
FIG.
3a.
Motion
of
UFO
system
in
altitude
and
azimuth.
3b.
Separation
distance
of
UFO
system as
function
of time.
distance
can be
made
on
the
basis
of
the
angular
data
presented
by
the
film.)
Figure
4
also
shows
where
Mariana
and
his
secretary
first
viewed the "hovering
and
rotating"
UFO's
near
an Anaconda
smoke
stack.
After
over
a
decade
of
speculation
and
hypothesis
checks,
all
natural
phenomena
(e.g.,
birds,
balloons,
insects,
meteors, mirages,
etc.)
have
been
ruled
out,
except
airplane
reflections,
on
the
basis
of
winds (which
the
weather
bureau
reported
as
blowing
in
the
opposite
direction);
the
lack of
an
observable
trail
(which
would
have
betrayed
a
bifurcated
meteor);
and
bright-
ness,
angular speed,
and
steady motion,
which
could
not
be
reconciled
with
the
supposition
that
they were
birds
or
insects.
These
same
facts,
together
with the
weather bureau
report [1]
and
the
Sun
angle,
also
seemed
to
rule
out
various
forms
of
optical
lens
flare,
atmospheric
mirages,
or
cloud
reflections.
From
analyses
of speed
and
geometry, which
included
a
knowledge
of
the Sun's
azimuth
at the
time
of
the photography (asconfirmed
by
the
shadows
on
the
film)
the
images
could
have
been
(although
not
without
some
stretch
of
theimagination)
specular
Sun
reflection
from
airplane fuse-lages.
This
explanation
seemed
attractive since
it
wasrumored
(although
not
verified
[2])
that
two
jet
air-
planes
(1"-94's)
were
landing
at
Malstmm
Air
Force
Base
at the approximate time
of the
sighting.
This
rumor was
reinforced
by
a
presentation
by
E.
J.
Ruppelt
to
a
panel
of experts in
January,
1953
(the
panel's
mem-
bership
was
not
revealed,
but
may
have
been
called
the
"Robertson panel"
[4]).
Ruppelt
[5] indicates
"the
in-
233
.
telligence
officer
at
Great
Falls
had
dug
through
huge
stacks
of
files
and
found
that
only
two
airplanes,
two
F
-94's,
were
near the
city
(Great
Falls)
during the
sighting
and
that
they
had
landed
about
two
minutes
afterwards.
.
..
First
we
studied
the
flight
paths of
the
two
F
-94's.
We
knew
the
landing
pattern
that
was
being used
on
the
day
of
the
sighting
and
we
knew when
the
two
F
-94's
landed.
The
two
jets
just
weren't
any-
where
close
to
where
the
two
UFO's
had
been."
Figure
4
bears
this
conclusion
out
since
the
objects
were
in
the
opposite
direction
from Malstrom
Air
Force
Base
and
headed
away
from
the
airfield.
The
panel,
however,
did
not
consider
this
as
positive
proof
for eliminating
the
jet
-plane hypothesis.
Experiment
Using
a
camera
similar
to Mariana's
(Revere
turret
type
with
a
3"
focal
length telephoto
lens),
a
series
of
photographic experiments
were
carried
out
by
the
author
on an
array of
objects
(see
Figure
6-22 on
page
321
of
reference
[3])
at
various
distances
and
Sun
angles
and on
jet
plane
reflections.
The
results
of these
experi-
ments, however,
made
the hypotheses of
airplane
reflec-
tions
quite
strained.
The
long
persistence
of the
images would have
re-
quired
the
airplanes
to
have
moved on
a
unique
parabolic
path
with
Mariana at the
focus.
Unfortu-nately, these hypothetical parabolic
paths
would be
incompatible with the 171° heading
defined
by
the data.
In
addition,
the apparent
size
of the images
(admittedly

Cases discussed

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Hearing transcript, from the govinfo collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 256 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.