Documents / Hearing transcript

Symposium on unidentified flying objects: hearings before the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, second session, July 29, 1968.

U.S. House of Representatives · 1968-07-29 · 256 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is the printed record of a July 29, 1968 symposium on unidentified flying objects held by the Committee on Science and Astronautics of the U.S. House of Representatives, chaired by Rep. J. Edward Roush. The committee heard statements from six scientists: J. Allen Hynek, James E. McDonald, Carl Sagan, Robert L. Hall, James A. Harder and Robert M. L. Baker. It also printed papers from Donald Menzel, Stanton Friedman, Frank Salisbury and others. Hynek argued that puzzling UFO reports from competent witnesses deserve serious scientific study.

  • p. 7 …of advanced technological ma- chinery manned by some kind of intelligence, that is, the extrater- restrial…
  • p. 9 …American Association for the Advancement of Science; Astronomy Society(secretary). Specialty: Astrophysics. Fields of Interest: Stellar…
  • p. 19 …The Air Force has no evidence that UFO's are extra-terrestrial or rep- resent advanced…
  • p. 24 18 (The biography of Dr.McDonald follows:) DR. JAMES E. MCDONAI,D Born: Duluth, Minn., May…
  • p. 29 …from some advanced technology sufficiently advanced to do what we cannot do in the sense of…
  • p. 32 …The possibility that these are extraterrestrial devices, that we are dealing with surveillance from some advanced…
  • p. 40 …THE UNCONVENTIONAL NATURE OF THE UFO PROBLEM To both laymen and scientists, the impressive progress that…
  • p. 48 …At first, they thought it was a jet, whose exhaust was somehow accounting for the advancing…
  • p. 59 …advanced civilization of extraterrestrial origin, the pattern of the observa- tions, the motivation of the surveillance…
  • p. 75 …To ignore most of the salient features of a sighting in order to advance an easy…
  • p. 94 …Now, if we want to assess the likelihood that there are intelligentcivilizations somewhere in advance of…
  • p. 95 …be far in advance of our own,and this,therefore raises the question of how likely…
  • p. 96 …that an advance civilization comes here very rarely. But I again emphasize the great uncertainty in…
  • p. 97 91 So, to conclude what I understand is the main reason why this committee has asked…
  • p. 100 …the possibility of its development by other civilizations. But if each of, say, a million advanced…
  • p. 101 …a race of advanced and benign creatures were devoted to our welfare. The interest in unidentified…
  • p. 111 …The possible value of contact for purposes of advancing our knowledge of our technology. Let's…
  • p. 112 …again the same possible great value from under- standing the phenomenon in order to advance our…
  • p. 116 …We must then concern ourselves with the possible consequences of contact with technologically advanced civilizations whose…
  • p. 117 111 the task. We must also 'be concerned with the risks of panic resulting in people…
  • p. 124 …Gravitation remains one of the enigmas of modern science, although there have been some advances in…
  • p. 125 …This will depend upon advances in many fields of science. Some of the things required will…
  • p. 130 …Gravitation remains one of the enigmas of modern science, although there have been some advances in…
  • p. 132 …Baker's professional society memberships include the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, Phi…
  • p. 140 …There have been many debates on the technical capabilities or limits on the capabilities of advanced…
  • p. 141 135 area of forecasting the social characteristics of an advanced extrater- restrial civilization. Philosophers, social scientists…
  • p. 142 …in the environs of the earth, or to make dubious speculations either concerning "their" advanced scientific…
  • p. 143 …the gross characteristics of an advanced civilization. These studies (probablynot Government funded) should include the social…
  • p. 150 …Applications and Advanced Topics, Academic Press, New York, pp. 112-115 and pp. 376 to 392…
  • p. 153 147 00015 "Recent Advances in Astrodynamics," (with Samuel Herrick), Jet Propul- sion, 28, No. 10, 1958…
  • p. 154 …00040 "State-of-the-Art-1960 Astrodynamics,"Astronautics, 5, No. 11, 30, 1960. 00041 "Novel Orbit…
  • p. 157 …Makemson) 00071 Astrodynamics - Applications and Advanced Topics, Academic Press, New York, 1967. 00072 "Recent Advances in…
  • p. 171 …In the past five years, he has advanced from assistant bookkeeper to teller to head teller…
  • p. 174 …He has no desire to advance any further up the bank totem pole, says he never…
  • p. 189 …advanced radar systems air being de- vekii2ed for our missile defense systems, such as the ALTAR…
  • p. 190 …of the Earth or to make very dubious speculations 191, t101 either concerning "their" advanced scientific…
  • p. 203 …The primary attribute of an advanced intelligent civilization is its ability to create its own environment…
  • p. 204 …Menzel became acting Director of Harvard College Observatory and, in 1954, was advanced to the Directorship…
  • p. 207 …approach it or advances as you move away. As we look over the Air Force files…
  • p. 210 …Or at least that is the com- mon argument advanced by UFO buffs. Radar is cursed…
  • p. 212 …Life Member of American Association for the Advancement of Science. Professional Organizational Activities: State delegate to…
  • p. 217 …our level of advancement? As noted in the Special Report of the USAF Scientific Advisory Board…
  • p. 219 …Friedman has a relatively unique background in advanced technology, hav- ing been actively involved in the…
  • p. 222 …the existence of advanced civilizations. We frequently forget that the resolution of present photographs of the…
  • p. 223 …36, 37) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science is planning a UFO seminar…
  • p. 224 …reason, would not examine the data relevant to UFOs or advanced technology. Marcowitz was totally wrong…
  • p. 225 …reason, would not examine the data relevant to UFOs or advanced technology. Marcowitz was totally wrong…
  • p. 226 …B., "The Phenomenological Aspects of Magnetogasdynamic Re-entry." Presented at the 10th Midwestern Mechanics Conference, Colorado…
  • p. 227 …not alone in the Universe and surely some civilizations are more advanced than ours, but interstellar…
  • p. 233 …possible sites in advance, we could simply move in to recover the desired information after an…
  • p. 234 …The effectiveness of the proposed procedure would depend very heavily upon the amount of thought, care…
  • p. 237 …listed in advance on a 'standardized rating sheet. However this part of the experiment will not…
130
performance
experimental
radar
having
a
one-third
degree
beam
width.
For
lockon
and
track,
an
object
would have
to
be
pinpointed
to
one
-sixth
degree,
and
even
if
the radar
did
achieve
lockon,
an
erratically
moving
object
could
not be
followed
even
in the
STPF
radar's
monopulse
mode
of
operation.
For
this
reason
only
satellites
having
rather
well-defined
paths
(i.e.,
ephemerides),
which have
been
precomputed,can
be
acquired
and
tracked.
Our
three
BEMEWS
radars
propagate
fans of
electromagnetic
energy
into space.
If a
ballistic
missile
or
satellite
penetrates
two
of
these
fans
successively,
then
it
can
be
identified.
Since astrodynamical
laws
govern
the
time
interval
between
detection
fan
penetrations
for
"normal"
space
objects,
all
other anomalistic
"hits"
by
the
radar
are
usually neglected,
and
even
if
they
are
not
neglected,
they
are
usually
classified
as
spurious
images
or
misassociated
targets,
and
are stored
away
on
magnetic
tape,
and
forgotten.
One
space
surveillance
site
operates
a
detection
radar
(FPS
-17)
and a
tracking
radar
(FPS
-79).
If
a
new
space
object
is
sensed
by
the
detection
radar's
fans,
then the
tracking
radar
can
be
oriented
toachieve lockon.
The
orientation
is
governed
by
a knowledge of
theappropriate
"normal"
object's
astrodynamic
laws
of
motion, or
by an
assumption
as to
launch
point.
Thus,
if
an
unknown
is
detected,
and
if
it
follows
an
unusual
path,
it
is
unlikely
that
it
could,
or
would,
be
tracked.
Furthermore,
the
director
of
the
radar
may
make
a
decision
that
the
unknown
object detected
is
not of
interest
(because
of
the
location
of
the
FPS
-17
fan
penetration
or
because
of
the
lack
of
prior
information
on a
possible
new
launch).
In
the absence
of
detection
fan
penetration
(the
fan
has
a
rather limited
coverage), the
FPS
-79
tracking
radar
is
tasked to follow other space
objects
on a
schedule
provided
by
the
Space
Defense
Center,
and
again
there
is
almost
no
likelihood
that
an
anomalistic object
could,
or
would,
be
tracked.
The
NASA
radars,
such
as those
at
Millstone
and
Goldstone, are
not
intended
to
be
surveillance
radars,
and
only
track
known
space
objects
on
command.
Again
the chances
of
their
tracking anomalistic
objects
are nearly
nil.
The new
phased
-array
radar at
Eglin
AFB
(FPS
-85)
has
considerable capability
for deploying
detection
fans
and
tracking space
objects
in
a
simultaneous
fashion.
Such
versatility
raises
certain
energy
-management problems—that
is,
determining
howmuch
energy
to
allocate
to
detection
and
how much
to
tracking—but
this
sensor
might have a
capability (albeit,
perhaps,limited) to
detect
and
track anomalistic
objects.
The
problem
is
that the
logic
included
in the software
associated
with the
FPS
-85's control
computers
is
notorganized in
a
fashion to
detect
and
track anomalistic objects
(I
will
indicate
in
a
moment how
the
logic
could be
modified).
Furthermore,the
FPS
-85,
like
the other surveillance
radars
is
usually tasked to
track
a
list
of
catalogued space
objects
in the
Space Defense
Center's
data base
and
the opportunity to
"look around"
for anomalistic objectsis
quite limited.
There
are
a number
of other radar
surveillance
systems such as
a
detection fence across the United
States.
In
the
case
of
this fence,
we
have a
situation similar to
BMEWS,
in
which the time
interval
between
succesive penetrations (in
this case separated
by an
orbital
period for
satellites)
must
follow prescribed astrodynamical laws.
If they do
not, then the fence penetrations are either deleted
from

Cases discussed

About this file

Hearing transcript, from the govinfo collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 256 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.