Documents / Hearing transcript

Symposium on unidentified flying objects: hearings before the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, second session, July 29, 1968.

U.S. House of Representatives · 1968-07-29 · 256 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is the printed record of a July 29, 1968 symposium on unidentified flying objects held by the Committee on Science and Astronautics of the U.S. House of Representatives, chaired by Rep. J. Edward Roush. The committee heard statements from six scientists: J. Allen Hynek, James E. McDonald, Carl Sagan, Robert L. Hall, James A. Harder and Robert M. L. Baker. It also printed papers from Donald Menzel, Stanton Friedman, Frank Salisbury and others. Hynek argued that puzzling UFO reports from competent witnesses deserve serious scientific study.

  • p. 7 …of advanced technological ma- chinery manned by some kind of intelligence, that is, the extrater- restrial…
  • p. 9 …American Association for the Advancement of Science; Astronomy Society(secretary). Specialty: Astrophysics. Fields of Interest: Stellar…
  • p. 19 …The Air Force has no evidence that UFO's are extra-terrestrial or rep- resent advanced…
  • p. 24 18 (The biography of Dr.McDonald follows:) DR. JAMES E. MCDONAI,D Born: Duluth, Minn., May…
  • p. 29 …from some advanced technology sufficiently advanced to do what we cannot do in the sense of…
  • p. 32 …The possibility that these are extraterrestrial devices, that we are dealing with surveillance from some advanced…
  • p. 40 …THE UNCONVENTIONAL NATURE OF THE UFO PROBLEM To both laymen and scientists, the impressive progress that…
  • p. 48 …At first, they thought it was a jet, whose exhaust was somehow accounting for the advancing…
  • p. 59 …advanced civilization of extraterrestrial origin, the pattern of the observa- tions, the motivation of the surveillance…
  • p. 75 …To ignore most of the salient features of a sighting in order to advance an easy…
  • p. 94 …Now, if we want to assess the likelihood that there are intelligentcivilizations somewhere in advance of…
  • p. 95 …be far in advance of our own,and this,therefore raises the question of how likely…
  • p. 96 …that an advance civilization comes here very rarely. But I again emphasize the great uncertainty in…
  • p. 97 91 So, to conclude what I understand is the main reason why this committee has asked…
  • p. 100 …the possibility of its development by other civilizations. But if each of, say, a million advanced…
  • p. 101 …a race of advanced and benign creatures were devoted to our welfare. The interest in unidentified…
  • p. 111 …The possible value of contact for purposes of advancing our knowledge of our technology. Let's…
  • p. 112 …again the same possible great value from under- standing the phenomenon in order to advance our…
  • p. 116 …We must then concern ourselves with the possible consequences of contact with technologically advanced civilizations whose…
  • p. 117 111 the task. We must also 'be concerned with the risks of panic resulting in people…
  • p. 124 …Gravitation remains one of the enigmas of modern science, although there have been some advances in…
  • p. 125 …This will depend upon advances in many fields of science. Some of the things required will…
  • p. 130 …Gravitation remains one of the enigmas of modern science, although there have been some advances in…
  • p. 132 …Baker's professional society memberships include the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, Phi…
  • p. 140 …There have been many debates on the technical capabilities or limits on the capabilities of advanced…
  • p. 141 135 area of forecasting the social characteristics of an advanced extrater- restrial civilization. Philosophers, social scientists…
  • p. 142 …in the environs of the earth, or to make dubious speculations either concerning "their" advanced scientific…
  • p. 143 …the gross characteristics of an advanced civilization. These studies (probablynot Government funded) should include the social…
  • p. 150 …Applications and Advanced Topics, Academic Press, New York, pp. 112-115 and pp. 376 to 392…
  • p. 153 147 00015 "Recent Advances in Astrodynamics," (with Samuel Herrick), Jet Propul- sion, 28, No. 10, 1958…
  • p. 154 …00040 "State-of-the-Art-1960 Astrodynamics,"Astronautics, 5, No. 11, 30, 1960. 00041 "Novel Orbit…
  • p. 157 …Makemson) 00071 Astrodynamics - Applications and Advanced Topics, Academic Press, New York, 1967. 00072 "Recent Advances in…
  • p. 171 …In the past five years, he has advanced from assistant bookkeeper to teller to head teller…
  • p. 174 …He has no desire to advance any further up the bank totem pole, says he never…
  • p. 189 …advanced radar systems air being de- vekii2ed for our missile defense systems, such as the ALTAR…
  • p. 190 …of the Earth or to make very dubious speculations 191, t101 either concerning "their" advanced scientific…
  • p. 203 …The primary attribute of an advanced intelligent civilization is its ability to create its own environment…
  • p. 204 …Menzel became acting Director of Harvard College Observatory and, in 1954, was advanced to the Directorship…
  • p. 207 …approach it or advances as you move away. As we look over the Air Force files…
  • p. 210 …Or at least that is the com- mon argument advanced by UFO buffs. Radar is cursed…
  • p. 212 …Life Member of American Association for the Advancement of Science. Professional Organizational Activities: State delegate to…
  • p. 217 …our level of advancement? As noted in the Special Report of the USAF Scientific Advisory Board…
  • p. 219 …Friedman has a relatively unique background in advanced technology, hav- ing been actively involved in the…
  • p. 222 …the existence of advanced civilizations. We frequently forget that the resolution of present photographs of the…
  • p. 223 …36, 37) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science is planning a UFO seminar…
  • p. 224 …reason, would not examine the data relevant to UFOs or advanced technology. Marcowitz was totally wrong…
  • p. 225 …reason, would not examine the data relevant to UFOs or advanced technology. Marcowitz was totally wrong…
  • p. 226 …B., "The Phenomenological Aspects of Magnetogasdynamic Re-entry." Presented at the 10th Midwestern Mechanics Conference, Colorado…
  • p. 227 …not alone in the Universe and surely some civilizations are more advanced than ours, but interstellar…
  • p. 233 …possible sites in advance, we could simply move in to recover the desired information after an…
  • p. 234 …The effectiveness of the proposed procedure would depend very heavily upon the amount of thought, care…
  • p. 237 …listed in advance on a 'standardized rating sheet. However this part of the experiment will not…
118
the
glasses.
Likewise,
for
light
that
had had
its
plane
of
polarization
turned
through
90
plus
180
degrees
90
plus
360
degrees,
and
so
on,
there
would
be
a
partial extinction
oilight.
On
this
basis,
the
outer
dark
ring
was
due
to
the
rejection
by
the
polarizing
filter
of
the
glasses
of
light
which
had had
its
plane
of
polar-
ization
turned
through
90
degrees,
the
next outermost
band
by
light
that
had
been
turned
through
270
degrees,
et
cetera.
This
interpretation
is
strengthened
by
Webb's
observation
that the
dark
rings
were narrower than
the
brighter
areas
between
them;
this
is
what
should be
expected
on
the
basis
of
the
above
explanation.
What
hypotheses
can
be
constructed
that
might
account
for
this
unusual
observation?
There
are
at
least
two
that
have
interesting
implications
for the
propulsion
problem.
First
by
the
Faraday
effect,
a
magnetic
field
parallel
to
the
path of the
light
could
so
rotate
theplane
of
polarization.
A
quick
calculation
using
the
properties
of
the
atmosphere
shows
that
a
field
of
200,000 gauss, operating
over
a
dis-
tance
of 130
feet
-40
meters—could
turn the plane
90
degrees;
this
is
indeed
a
very
intense
and
extensive
magnetic
field
and, of
course,
would
only account for
one
ring.
Three
rings
would
require
a
million
gauss over
the
same
distance.
We
have
been
able
to
achieve
these
field
strengths in
the
laboratory
for only
fractions
of
seconds over very small
distances.
However,
the
principal
argument
against
this
hypothesis
is
the
conclusion
that
were
such
a
field
brought
at
all
close
to the
surface
of
the
earth
its
effect
would
be
to
induce very strong
remnant
magnetism
in nearly
every
piece
of
iron within
several
hundred
yards.
This has not
been
found.
We
have
been
able
to achieve that
kind of
field
strength
for
frac-tions
of
seconds only over
short
distances
on
earth,
or
at
least
we,
on
earth.
However,
there
has been
a
suggestion
made
earlier
that
a
very strong
magnetic
field
might
so
saturate
certain
iron
cores
of
electrical
ma-
chinery as
to explain
some
of
the observed
phenomena
of
electrical
malfunctioning.
Despite the above
-described observation, there
is
little
reason to
be-
lieve
that
magnetic
fields
of
themselves, could be of
much
use in pro-
pelling
a
spacecraft,
although
there
has
been
much
uninformed
specu-
lation
about
this
in
popular
UFO
publications.
The
simple reason
is
that
we
cannot produce
a
north
pole
without
at the
same
time produc-
ing
a
south
pole.
This
is
a
consequence
of fundamental
theory.
Such a
dipole
cannot
exert
a
force in conjunction
with
a
uniform magnetic
field,
such as the earth
may
be assumed
to
have
in
a
given
locality,
though
it
can produce
a
force in
a
nonuniform
field.
To
go
beyond
the above
discussion
would be
rather
speculative,
but
it
is
just
here that
we
find
a
stimulus
and
challenge to
scientific
theory.
It
is
almost
circular
to say that
when we
find
a phenomenon
we
under-
stand but vaguely
we
have
also
found a means
of advancing our un-derstanding;
this
has been
particularly true in astronomy.
Concerning the propulsion of
UFO's, a
tentative hypothesis
wouldbe that
it is
connected with
an
application
of
gravitational
fields
that
we do not understand.
Gravitation remains one of the enigmas of modern
science,
although
there have been some advances in
its
understanding, beyond general

Cases discussed

About this file

Hearing transcript, from the govinfo collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 256 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.