“The Advance”52 pages
- p. 7 …of advanced
technological
ma-
chinery
manned by some
kind
of
intelligence,
that
is,
the
extrater-
restrial…
- p. 9 …American Association for the Advancement of Science;
Astronomy Society(secretary).
Specialty: Astrophysics.
Fields of Interest: Stellar…
- p. 19 …The Air Force has no evidence that UFO's are extra-terrestrial or rep-
resent advanced…
- p. 24 18
(The biography of Dr.McDonald follows:)
DR. JAMES E. MCDONAI,D
Born: Duluth, Minn., May…
- p. 29 …from some
advanced
technology
sufficiently
advanced
to
do what
we
cannot
do
in
the
sense
of…
- p. 32 …The
possibility
that these are
extraterrestrial devices,
that
we
are
dealing with
surveillance
from some advanced…
- p. 40 …THE
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURE
OF
THE
UFO
PROBLEM
To
both
laymen
and
scientists,
the
impressive
progress
that…
- p. 48 …At
first,
they thought
it
was
a
jet,
whose
exhaust
was somehow
accounting for the
advancing…
- p. 59 …advanced
civilization
of
extraterrestrial origin,
the
pattern of the observa-
tions,
the motivation of the
surveillance…
- p. 75 …To
ignore
most
of the
salient
features
of
a
sighting
in
order
to
advance
an
easy…
- p. 94 …Now,
if
we
want
to
assess
the
likelihood
that there are
intelligentcivilizations
somewhere
in
advance of…
- p. 95 …be far in advance of our own,and this,therefore raises the
question of how likely…
- p. 96 …that
an advance
civilization
comes here very rarely.
But I
again emphasize the great uncertainty in…
- p. 97 91
So,
to
conclude
what
I
understand
is
the
main
reason
why
this
committee
has
asked…
- p. 100 …the
possibility
of
its
development
by
other
civilizations.
But
if
each
of,
say,
a
million
advanced…
- p. 101 …a race of advanced and benign creatures were devoted
to our welfare.
The interest in unidentified…
- p. 111 …The possible value
of contact for purposes of advancing our knowledge of our technology.
Let's…
- p. 112 …again the same possible great value from under-
standing the phenomenon in order to advance our…
- p. 116 …We
must
then concern ourselves with the
possible
consequences of
contact with
technologically
advanced
civilizations
whose…
- p. 117 111
the task. We must also 'be concerned with the risks of panic resulting in people…
- p. 124 …Gravitation remains one of the enigmas of modern
science,
although
there have been some advances in…
- p. 125 …This
will
depend
upon
advances
in
many
fields
of
science.
Some
of
the
things
required
will…
- p. 130 …Gravitation
remains
one
of the
enigmas
of
modern
science,
although
there
have
been
some
advances
in…
- p. 132 …Baker's
professional
society
memberships
include
the
American
Associa-
tion
for
the
Advancement
of
Science,
Phi…
- p. 140 …There have been many debates on the technical
capabilities or limits on the capabilities of advanced…
- p. 141 135
area of forecasting the social characteristics of an advanced extrater-
restrial civilization. Philosophers, social scientists…
- p. 142 …in the environs
of
the
earth,
or
to
make
dubious
speculations
either
concerning "their"
advanced
scientific…
- p. 143 …the
gross
characteristics
of
an
advanced
civilization.
These
studies
(probablynot
Government funded)
should
include
the
social…
- p. 150 …Applications
and
Advanced Topics,
Academic
Press,
New
York,
pp.
112-115 and
pp.
376
to
392…
- p. 153 147
00015 "Recent Advances in Astrodynamics," (with Samuel Herrick), Jet Propul-
sion, 28, No. 10, 1958…
- p. 154 …00040 "State-of-the-Art-1960 Astrodynamics,"Astronautics, 5, No. 11, 30, 1960.
00041 "Novel Orbit…
- p. 157 …Makemson)
00071 Astrodynamics - Applications and Advanced Topics, Academic Press,
New York, 1967.
00072 "Recent Advances in…
- p. 171 …In the past five
years, he has advanced from assistant bookkeeper to teller to head teller…
- p. 174 …He has no desire to advance any further
up the bank totem pole, says he never…
- p. 189 …advanced radar systems air being de-
vekii2ed for our missile defense systems, such as the ALTAR…
- p. 190 …of the Earth or to make very dubious speculations 191, t101
either concerning "their" advanced scientific…
- p. 203 …The
primary
attribute
of
an
advanced
intelligent civilization
is
its
ability
to create
its
own
environment…
- p. 204 …Menzel became
acting Director
of
Harvard
College
Observatory
and,
in 1954,
was
advanced to the
Directorship…
- p. 207 …approach
it
or
advances
as you
move
away.
As
we
look over the
Air Force
files…
- p. 210 …Or
at
least
that
is
the
com-
mon
argument
advanced
by
UFO
buffs.
Radar
is
cursed…
- p. 212 …Life
Member
of
American
Association
for the
Advancement
of
Science.
Professional Organizational
Activities:
State delegate to…
- p. 217 …our
level
of
advancement?
As
noted
in
the
Special
Report
of the
USAF
Scientific
Advisory
Board…
- p. 219 …Friedman has a relatively unique background in advanced technology, hav-
ing been actively involved in the…
- p. 222 …the
existence
of
advanced
civilizations.
We
frequently
forget that the
resolution
of
present
photographs of the…
- p. 223 …36, 37) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science is
planning a UFO seminar…
- p. 224 …reason,
would
not
examine
the data
relevant to
UFOs
or advanced
technology.
Marcowitz
was
totally
wrong…
- p. 225 …reason,
would
not
examine
the
data
relevant to
UFOs
or
advanced
technology.
Marcowitz
was
totally
wrong…
- p. 226 …B.,
"The
Phenomenological
Aspects
of
Magnetogasdynamic
Re-entry."
Presented
at
the 10th
Midwestern Mechanics
Conference,
Colorado…
- p. 227 …not
alone
in
the Universe
and
surely
some
civilizations
are
more
advanced than
ours,
but
interstellar…
- p. 233 …possible
sites
in
advance,
we
could
simply
move
in
to
recover
the
desired
information
after
an…
- p. 234 …The effectiveness of the proposed procedure would depend very heavily upon
the amount of thought, care…
- p. 237 …listed
in
advance
on
a
'standardized rating sheet.
However
this
part
of
the
experiment
will
not…
95
galaxy are correct, there is no reason why the earth should be singled out for
interstellar visits. A greater frequency of visits could be expected if there were
another planet populated by a technical civilization within our solar system, but
at the present time there is no evidence for the existence of one.
Related to the interstellar observer idea are the "contact" tales, contemporary
reports of the landing of extraterrestrial space vehicles on earth. Unlike the UFO
reports, these tales display a striking uniformity. The extraterrestrials are de-
scribed as humanoid, differing from man only in some minor characteristic such
as teeth, speech, or dress. The aliens—so the "contactees" report—have been ob-
serving earth and its inhabitants for many years, and express concern at "the
present grave political situation." The visitors are fearful that, left to our own
devices, we will destroy our civilization. The contactee is then selected as their
"chosen intermediary" with the governments and inhabitants of earth, but some-
how the promised political or social intervention never materializes.
Psychological Factors. The psychologist Carl Jung pointed out that the
frequency and persistence of these contact tales—not one of which has been
confirmed by the slightest sort of objective evidence—must be of substantial
psychological significance. What need is fulfilled by a belief that unidentified
flying objects are of extraterrestrial origin? It is noteworthy that in the contact
tales, the spacecraft and their crews are almost never pictured as hostile. It
would be very satisfying if a race of advanced and benign creatures were devoted
to our welfare.
The interest in unidentified flying objects derives, perhaps, not so much from
scientific curiosity as from unfulfilled religious needs. Flying saucers serve, for
some, to replace the gods that science has deposed. With their distant and exotic
worlds and their pseudoscientific overlay, the contact accounts are acceptable to
many people who reject the older religious frameworks. But precisely because
people desire so intensely that unidentified flying objects be of benign, intelligent,
and extraterrestrial origin, honesty requires that, in evaluating the observations,
we accept only the most rigorous logic and the most convincing evidence. At the
present time, there is no evidence that unambiguously connects the various flying
saucer sightings and contact tales with extraterrestrial intelligence.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jung, Carl G., Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies (New
York 1959).
Menzel, D. H. and Boyd, L. G., The World of Flying Saucers: A Scientific Eoami-
nation of a Major Myth of the Space Age(New York 1963).
Ruppelt, Edward J., The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects (New York 1956).
Shklovsky, Iosif S., and Sagan Carl, Intelligent Life in the Universe (San Fran-
cisco 1966).
Tacker, Lawrence J., Flying Saucers and the U.S. Air Force (Princeton 1960).
Vallee, Jacques, Anatomy of a Phenomenon (Chicago 1965).
CARL SAGAN,
Department of Astronomy, Cornell University.
Thank you.
Mr. HECHLER. Dr. Sagan, there have been some recent experiments
at Green Bank, W. Va., with its 300-foot telescope, in an attempt to
synchronize this with the Arecibo dish1 in such a way as you might in
effect produce almost a 2,000-mile diameter collecting surface for
trying to receive signals from the pulsars.
I wonder if this isn't the type of specific activity in radio astronomy
that could utilize some additional support in order to ascertain the
truth about terrestrial life and signals therefrom?
Dr. SAGAN. Congressman Hechler, as a member of the faculty at
Cornell that runs the observatory, I would find some problem an-
swering that.
Mr.HECHLER.But not of West Virginia,however?
Dr. SAGAN. That is right. The study of pulsars, as I indicated to
Chairman Miller, is relevant. •The development of a long base-line
parameter of the sort you talked about is of great interest to many
areas of radio astronomy, and conceivably to the area we are talking
about.