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Sky Canada Project report (PDF)

Office of the Chief Science Advisor, Government of Canada · 2025 · 30 pages · text from the file's own layer

The Office of the Chief Science Advisor of Canada issued this June 2025 report of the Sky Canada Project, which reviewed how public reports of unidentified aerial phenomena are handled in Canada. It finds no cohesive, standardized reporting system, no official public platform, limited analysis and little scientific involvement. It compares approaches in the United States, France and Chile, includes a commissioned public survey, and makes fourteen recommendations, including naming a lead federal agency, creating a dedicated reporting service and cooperating with AARO, NASA, GEIPAN and SEFAA.

  • p. 13 …Canadian UFO Survey” produced by a group of Manitoba-based volunteers called Ufology Research, directed by…
  • p. 16 …The Search for the Unknown”.28 Many researchers and authors have mined LAC’s UFO docu…
  • p. 19 …zur Erforschung des UFO- Phänomens, or The Society for Research into the UFO Phe- nomena),41…
  • p. 20 …China UFO Research Association, several localized societies were established, including the Beijing UFO Society, which was…
  • p. 28 …Society for the Study of the UFO Phenomenon eV. (2024). Available at www.ufo-for- schung…
REPORT OF THE SKY CANADA PROJECT# 29
In the case of UAP sightings, pilots typically report their sightings
to the nearest ATC tower, flight service station or other air traffic
unit. These units file an Aviation Occurrence Report (AOR)
with NAV CANADA, which subsequently gets sent to Transport
Canada’s CADORS team for assessment and processing.
UAP sighting reports from the public can also be reported to
Transport Canada through the online aviation incident reporting
application. Reports filed in this way may also be published
through CADORS, provided they meet the criteria for inclusion.
Analysts at Transport Canada use these UAP reports to create a
CADORS record based on the details of the occurrence. These
are then assigned as “events” in CADORS, under three catego-
ries depending on the information provided: “Weather Balloon,
Meteor, Rocket, UFO and Intelligence Sighting”; “Laser Interfer-
ence”; or “Other Operational Incidences.”
Examination of CADORS reports allows for follow-up on high-risk
events while looking for trends and emerging risks through ag-
gregate analysis by Transport Canada. Further follow-up may be
undertaken by various organizations including Transport Canada,
NAV CANADA, the Transportation Safety Board of Canada, and
the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD).
NAV CANADA provides about 80% of the aviation occurrence
information in each CADORS record.24 Other sources of infor-
mation used to create or supplement a CADORS record include
the information received from the Transportation Safety Board
(TSB), the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), aircraft
operators and other agencies. NAV CANADA is also responsible
for the collection, evaluation and dissemination of special mes-
sages called NOTAMs.d NOTAMs are short-term notices filed by
NAV CANADA to alert aircraft pilots of potential hazards along
a flight route or at locations that could affect a flight, such as
presence of wildlife, volcanic ash warning, satellites, rocket
launch, solar storm, etc.
d Notam refers to Notice to Airmen.
e MERINT refers to Communication Instructions for Reporting by Merchant Vessels of Vital Intelligence Sightings.
In January 2024, CTVNews.ca25 reported on Transport Canada’s
CADORS online database. They identified only 17 events report-
ed by pilots in 2023 that could be considered UAPs,26 spanning
all types of occurrences and sightings. As such, UAP sightings
make up a very small portion (about 0.08%) of all incidences
reported by pilots. They are so rare in CADORS that Transport
Canada is not incentivized to dedicate time and effort to ex-
plaining them. In fact, when such incidents do not raise serious
safety concerns, Canadian authorities do not investigate further.
Canadian Coast Guard (CCG)
The Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) is a special operating agency
within Fisheries and Oceans Canada (but soon to be trans-
ferred to the Department of National Defence). Its mission is
to ensure the safety of mariners in Canadian waters, protect
Canada’s marine environment, and support the safe and effi-
cient movement of maritime trade. The CCG rarely receives
reports on UAPs, although it has procedures on how to treat
such reports. As part of its annual Notice to Mariners,27 pro-
cedures on what are termed Vital Intelligence Sightings, any
waterborne object which appears to be hostile, suspicious or
unidentified should be reported and handled as a “MERINTe
Report”. MERINT messages are transmitted to the nearest or
most convenient Canadian or U.S. coast guard station. From
2010 to 2022, only two MERINT reports were filed, both to the
CCG’s Western region.
Consultations with Federal
Departments and Agencies
The Sky Canada Project sought to gain insight on the domes-
tic front by identifying organizations in Canada that typically
receive witness reports of UAP sightings and examined whether
and how they collect, investigate and follow up on these re-
ports. The OCSA consulted with, and gathered this information
from federal government departments and agencies, as well
as from several non-governmental organizations and individu-
als interested in UAPs. It should be noted that participation in
these consultations was entirely voluntary in nature. The type of
response and the level of engagement varied from one orga-
nization to another, but in general the team was able to meet
and exchange with senior representatives of all organizations
contacted. A list of organizations and individuals consulted is
included in Appendix A.
Federal departments and agencies were asked specific ques-
tions aimed at understanding the role they played, if any, in UAP
report management. Specifically, they were asked whether the
Canadian public is contacting their organization to report UAP
sightings. If so, how frequently, what follow-up is done, and how
is the information safeguarded.
These consultations revealed that federal departments and
agencies do receive UAP sighting information and reports from
their stakeholders and the public. However, few of these orga-
nizations are currently investigating these sightings unless they
pertain to specific aspects of their respective mandates, such
as national security, transportation safety or public safety, and
those instances are fairly rare. Additionally, most departments
do not compile the reports they receive, making it difficult to
provide information on the number of reports or the type of
responses given to witnesses.
Responses from federal departments and agencies that have
received UAP-related information are summarized below, along
with insights from media and online sources.
Transport Canada (TC) and NAV CANADA
Transport Canada is the federal department responsible for
road, rail, marine and air transportation. Its Civil Aviation
Directorate collects reports on various incidents (including
UAP sightings) from pilots, air traffic controllers and the public.
These reports are shared publicly through the Civil Aviation Dai-
ly Occurrence Reporting System (CADORS), which is accessi-
ble on Transport Canada’s CADORS website.23 Specifically, CA-
DORS collects and distributes basic information on incidents
involving Canadian-registered aircraft at Canadian airports, in
Canadian sovereign airspace, and international airspace for
which Canada has accepted responsibility.
NAV CANADA is a private, not-for-profit corporation; it has been
Canada’s air navigation service provider since 1996. It over-
sees air traffic activity through a sophisticated network of area
control centres, air traffic control (ATC) towers, flight service
stations, maintenance centres, flight information centres and
navigation aids across the country.
View of a cloudy sky from the cockpit of an airplane in
flight. Pilots often report visual phenomena that they are
unable to immediately identify. These reports are registered
in Transport Canada’s CADORS system.
Atlantic Coastline in Canada. The Canadian Coast Guard has
procedures on how to report UAPs through the MERINT system.

Cases discussed

About this file

Report, cited by the archive. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 30 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.