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CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a Secret History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach of the Central Intelligence Agency, published in 1992. It gives a history of the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, covering the development and operation of the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART aircraft. It covers overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

From the source:Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

  • p. 18 …Leghorn persuaded his superiors to submit his suggestion to the Pentagon for funding. He had not…
  • p. 20 …Meanwhile Leghorn, frustrated by the rejection of his original concept, had transferred to the Pentagon in…
  • p. 22 …become the assistant director of Lockheed's Advanced Development Program, was in the Pentagon on business…
  • p. 24 …for the construction and maintenance of 30 aircraft to a group of senior Pentagon official s…
  • p. 26 …He had been present at Kelly Johnson's presentation on the CL-282 at the Pentagon…
  • p. 27 …with Strong in the Pentagon on 12 May 1954, six clays before the Wright Air Deve…
  • p. 52 …Late on the morning of 2 December 1954, Dulles told Bissell to go to the Pentagon…
  • p. 91 …He then briefed a high-level Pentagon panel that included the Secretary of the Air Force…
  • p. 92 …After a half hour passed, the base commander called the Pentagon to ask where the crippled…
  • p. 225 …By 25 September 1957, the National Security Council had become concerned with the course of events…
  • p. 251 …Early in 1963 the Agency sought special funds from the Pentagon to de velop a high…
  • p. 363 …CIA and Pentagon Covert Operations Since World War fl. New York: William Morrow, 1986. ---. The Soviet…
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Sec,et NOfO"N
Chapter 2
First flight of the U-2,
4 August 1955
With Kelly Johnson watching from a chase plane and giving a con
stant stream of instructions, LeYie:r made three more unsuccessful
landing attempts. With the light fading and a thunderstorm fast ap
proaching from the mountains to the west, LeVier made one last ap
proach using the method he had advocated: letting the aircraft touch
on its rear wheel first. This time the U-2 made a near-perfect landing,
which came just in the nick of tim<!. Ten minutes later, the thunder
storm began dumping an unheard-of 2 inches of rain , flooding the dry
lakebed and making the airstrip unusable:1
Now that the first problems in flying and landing the U-2 had
been worked out, Kelly Johnson scheduled the "official" first flight
for 8 August 1955. This time outsiders were present. includi ng
Richard Bissell. Col. Osmond Ritla1nd, Richard Homer. and Garrison
Norton. The U-2 flew to 32,000 feet and performed very well. Kelly
Johnson had met his eight-month deadline."
•• Ibid.. pp. 21 -22: Johnson, .. Log for Project X." 4 August 1955.
.. Johnson. " Log for Project X," 8 August 1955.
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.