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CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

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From the source: Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

Sec, el NOFORN
Hiring U-2 Pilots ........_................................................................................. 73
Pilot Training ............................................................................................... 75
Final Tests of the U-2 ................................................................................ 76
Three Fatal Crashes in 1956 ..................................................................... 79
Coordination of Collection Requirements ............................................... 80
Preparations To Handle the Product of U-2 Missions ......................... 82
The Impact of the Air Force Project GENETRIX Balloons................... 84
AQUATONE Briefings for Selected Members of Congress ................. 88
The U-2 Cover Story .................................................................................. 89
♦ Chapter 3
U-2 Operations in the Soviet Bloc and Middle East, 1956-1958
The Deployment of Detachment A to Lakenheath ............................... 94
The Move to Wiesbaden ........................................................................... 95
President Eisenhower's Attitude Toward Overflights............................ 96
First Overflights of Eastern Europe ....................................................... 100
First U-2 Flights Over the Soviet Union ............................................... 104
Soviet Protest Note .................................................................................. 109
The End of the Bomber Gap................................. :................................ 111
Tactical Intelligence From U-2s During the Suez Crisis .................... 112
Renewed Overflights of the Soviet Union ........................................... 122
Radar-Deceptive "Dirty Birds" ................................................................ 128
The New Detachment C .......................................................................... 133
Detachment B Flights From Pakistan .................................................... 135
The Decline of Detachment A ................................................................ 139
Cooperation With Norway ....................................................................... 142
Declining Overflight Activity.................................................................... 143
Concerns About Soviet Countermeasures Against the U-2 .............. 147
More Powerful Engines for the U-2 ...................................................... 149
Intervention in Lebanon, 1958 ................................................................ 152
British Participation in the U-2 Project ................................................. 153
The U-2 Project at the Beginning of 1959 ........................................... 157
♦ Chapter 4
The Final Overflights of the Soviet Union, 1959-1960
The U-2 and the "Missile-Gap" Debate................................................ 159
The Last Overflight: Operation GRAND SLAM .................................... 170
The Aftermath of the U-2 Downing ...................................................... 177
The Withdrawal of the Overseas Detachments ................................... 181
The Fate of Francis Gary Powers .......................................................... 183
Changes in Overflight Procedures After May 1960 ............................ 187

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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.