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CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a Secret History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach of the Central Intelligence Agency, published in 1992. It gives a history of the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, covering the development and operation of the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART aircraft. It covers overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

From the source:Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

  • p. 11 …At great risk, US Air Force and Navy aircraft had been conducting peripheral reconnaissance and shallow…
  • p. 16 …As a result, in the late 1940s, the US Air Force and Navy began trying to…
  • p. 17 …Two months later, on 7 October 1952, Soviet fighter aircraft stalked and shot down a US…
  • p. 72 …The terminology used to describe U-2 aircraft and pilots also played a part in maintaining…
  • p. 94 …The committee issued its l ist of cargets for the use of the entire intelli gence…
  • p. 147 …The Agency then turned co the Navy, which granted permission for Detachmernt C to use the…
  • p. 180 …James Doolittle urged President Eisenhower to use overflights of the Soviet Union to the maximum degree…
  • p. 223 …by Air Force and Navy reconnais sance aircraft. President Kennedy used NPIC photographs to i llustrate…
  • p. 273 …Charyk, and his Navy counterpart, Garrison Norton. Designers from several air craft manufacturers also attended some…
  • p. 283 …This engine had originally been developed for the Navy's large, jet-powered flying boat, the…
  • p. 297 …The need for additional bui ldings on the base was met by the Navy. Three surplus…
  • p. 298 …After hearing Bissell and Holcomb's suggestion that the 158 might be used in future Navy…
  • p. 348 …Following modifications to make System-VII suitable for use by the Navy, the designation was changed…
  • p. 353 …In 1968 tests on an AQUILINE prototype at Randsburg Wash on the US Navy's Naval…
  • p. 401 …247, 328 US Marine Corps Reserve 14 US Military Academy at West Point 329 US Navy…
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Seeret NOFOAN
Appendix B
APPENDIX B
Key Personnel
AYER, Frederick, Jr.
Special assistant to Trevor Gardner in the Office of the Secretary of
the Air Force, Ayer was a strong advocate of overhead reconnaissance
by balloons and an early supporter of Lockheed's CL-282 design.
BAKER, James G.
Harvard astronomer and lens designer, Baker was a leading designer
of high-acuity aerial lenses during World War II and continued this
work after the war. He also headed the Air Force Intelligence Systems
Panel and served on the Technological Capabilities Panel's Project
Three committee that urged the development of the U-2 aircraft.
Baker designed the lenses for the U-2's cameras.
BISSELL, Richard M., Jr.
Head of all CIA overhead reconnaissance programs from 1954 until
1962, a former economics professor at MIT and high official of the
Marshall Plan, Bissell became Allen W. Dulles's Special Assistant for
Planning and Coordination in January 1954 and received responsibil
ity for the new U-2 project at the end of that year. Later he also
headed the first photosatellite project and oversaw the development of
the OXCART. In 1959 Bissell became Deputy Director for Plans but
kept the reconnaissance projects under his control. He resigned from
the CIA in February 1962.
CABELL, George Pearre
Air Force general and DDCI from 1953 until 1962. Because of
Cabell's many years of experience in aerial reconnaissance, DCI
Dulles delegated most of the responsibility for the reconnaissance
projects to him.
CARTER, Marshall S.
Anny general who served as DDCI from 1962 until 1965. During the
period leading up to the Cuban Missile Crisis, Carter served as Acting
DCI on a number of occasions while DCI McCone was out of town.
In October 1962 he fought unsuccessfully to keep the CIA involved in
flying reconnaissance missions over Cuba. Carter became the
Director of the National Security Agency in 1965.
CHARYK, Joseph R.
An aeronautical engineer who had followed careers first in academia
and then the aerospace industry, Charyk became the Chief Scientist of
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.