Documents / Official release

CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a Secret History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach of the Central Intelligence Agency, published in 1992. It gives a history of the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, covering the development and operation of the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART aircraft. It covers overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

From the source:Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

  • p. 11 …At great risk, US Air Force and Navy aircraft had been conducting peripheral reconnaissance and shallow…
  • p. 16 …As a result, in the late 1940s, the US Air Force and Navy began trying to…
  • p. 17 …Two months later, on 7 October 1952, Soviet fighter aircraft stalked and shot down a US…
  • p. 72 …The terminology used to describe U-2 aircraft and pilots also played a part in maintaining…
  • p. 94 …The committee issued its l ist of cargets for the use of the entire intelli gence…
  • p. 147 …The Agency then turned co the Navy, which granted permission for Detachmernt C to use the…
  • p. 180 …James Doolittle urged President Eisenhower to use overflights of the Soviet Union to the maximum degree…
  • p. 223 …by Air Force and Navy reconnais sance aircraft. President Kennedy used NPIC photographs to i llustrate…
  • p. 273 …Charyk, and his Navy counterpart, Garrison Norton. Designers from several air craft manufacturers also attended some…
  • p. 283 …This engine had originally been developed for the Navy's large, jet-powered flying boat, the…
  • p. 297 …The need for additional bui ldings on the base was met by the Navy. Three surplus…
  • p. 298 …After hearing Bissell and Holcomb's suggestion that the 158 might be used in future Navy…
  • p. 348 …Following modifications to make System-VII suitable for use by the Navy, the designation was changed…
  • p. 353 …In 1968 tests on an AQUILINE prototype at Randsburg Wash on the US Navy's Naval…
  • p. 401 …247, 328 US Marine Corps Reserve 14 US Military Academy at West Point 329 US Navy…
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Chapter 6
In-flight refueling of the OXCART projects belonged to the Office of Special Activities, headed by
Col. Jack C. Ledford, who now had the title of Assistant Director for
Special Activ it ies. These project management changes in the ClA
had no immediate impact on the OXCART project because the air
craft was still in the development stage, handled mainly by the con
tractors. Moreover, a good deal of continuity was provided by
officers who had served for a numbe:r of years with the U-2 program
and were now involved with OXCART: James Cunningham, the
Deputy Assistant Director for Special Activities: Col. Leo Geary, the
A ir Force's project officer for the two aircraft; and John Parangosky,
who oversaw the day-to-day affairs ,of the OXCART project.
OXCART'S FIRST FLIGHTS
With new sealant in its fuel tanks, the prototype OXCART was ready
to take to the air. On 25 April 1962, test pi lot Louis Schalk took "ar
ticle 121" for an unofficial, unannounced tlight. which was an old
Lockheed tradition. He flew the cratft less than two miles at an alti
tude of about 20 feet and encountered considerable problems
because of the improper hookup c,f several controls. These were
promptly repaired and on the next day, 26 April, Schalk made the
official 40-minute maiden fl ight. After a beautiful takeoff, the air
craft began shedding the triangular fillets that covered the frame
work of the chines along the edge: of the aircraft body. The lost
Sec,;ret

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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.