Documents / Official release

CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a Secret History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach of the Central Intelligence Agency, published in 1992. It gives a history of the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, covering the development and operation of the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART aircraft. It covers overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

From the source:Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

  • p. 24 …April 1954. Lo.:khec:d Corporation. Advanced Devdopmcnt Projec:ts Divi~ion. Burbank. California. Sec,et
  • p. 58 …Pedlow, Burbank, California, 26 August 1988. 6eeret 11
  • p. 85 …how to transfer Lockheed employees from Burbank to Area 5 l without arousing a great deal…
  • p. 273 …SP-1362, "History of the OXCART Program," Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, Burbank, CA. I July 1968, p…
  • p. 287 …designed trailer truck that carried it from Burbank to Area 5 I. By 18 November 1959…
  • p. 296 …not test the OXCART aircraft at its Burbank facility, where the runway was too short and…
  • p. 297 …Construction began in September 1960; a C-47 shuttle s,ervice ferried work crews from Burbank…
  • p. 299 …The plane left Burbank on 26 February 1962 and arrived at Area 51 two days later…
  • p. 304 …into the engine nacelles during assembly at Burbank were sucked into the power plant during initial…
  • p. 372 …293 BUORL 22 Burbank. California 45 &eeret NOFe"N Index Burke. William 168 120 114 Byeloruss1a…
282
Sec, et NOF0RN
Chapter 6
The Hycon entry. designed by James Baker and known as the
Type-IV camera, was a spotting camera with extremely-high-ground
resolution. In fact, it was an advanced version of the highly reliable
B camera developed for the original U-2 program. It used a 48-inch
Baker-designed f/5.6 lens to focus images onto 9.5-inch tilm. Like the
B camera it could provide seven frames of photography covering a
swath 41 miles wide with stereo overlap on 19 miles of the swath.
The Hycon camera carried the largest film supply of the three
cameras, 12,000 feet. It was able to resolve 100 lines per millimeter
and provide a ground resolution of 8 inches. A version of this 48-inch
Hycon camera. known as the H camera, later saw service in u-2R air
craft.
Each of the three camera systems had unique capabilities and
advantages, so all three were purchased for the OXCART. Before
they could be effectively employed in the aircraft, however, new
types of camera windows were needed. The OXCART's camera win
dows had to be completely free from optical distortion. Achieving
this goal was difficult in a window whose exterior would be sub
jected to temperatures of 550"F whik the interior surface would be
only IscrF. After three years and the expenditure of 52 million in re
search and development, the Corning Glass Works, which had joined
this effort as a Perkin-Elmer subcontractor, solved the problem of
producing a camera window that could withstand tremendous heat
differentials. Its quartz glass window was fused to the metal frame
by an unprecedented process involving high-frequency sound
~.waves.
Later in the program, the OXCART received yet another camera
system. In 1964 the Texas Instruments Corporation developed an in
frared camera for Project TACKLE U-2s that were being used to de
termine whether the People's Republic of China was producing
weapons-grade nuclear material. This stereo device, known as the
FFD-4. was adapted for use in OXCART. The camera had an effective
focal length of 50 inches and a 150-foot supply of 3.5-inch film. The
camera's resolution was 3°C thermally, I milliradian spatially. and 60
feet on the ground. It could be used for both day and night imagery
collection.
'' Baker intcrvicw (S); Minnich. "OXCART Stury." pp. 5-o ISl.
sec1et

Not linked to a story yet.

About this file

Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.