Documents / Official release

CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a Secret History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach of the Central Intelligence Agency, published in 1992. It gives a history of the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, covering the development and operation of the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART aircraft. It covers overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

From the source:Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

  • p. 18 …Leghorn persuaded his superiors to submit his suggestion to the Pentagon for funding. He had not…
  • p. 20 …Meanwhile Leghorn, frustrated by the rejection of his original concept, had transferred to the Pentagon in…
  • p. 22 …become the assistant director of Lockheed's Advanced Development Program, was in the Pentagon on business…
  • p. 24 …for the construction and maintenance of 30 aircraft to a group of senior Pentagon official s…
  • p. 26 …He had been present at Kelly Johnson's presentation on the CL-282 at the Pentagon…
  • p. 27 …with Strong in the Pentagon on 12 May 1954, six clays before the Wright Air Deve…
  • p. 52 …Late on the morning of 2 December 1954, Dulles told Bissell to go to the Pentagon…
  • p. 91 …He then briefed a high-level Pentagon panel that included the Secretary of the Air Force…
  • p. 92 …After a half hour passed, the base commander called the Pentagon to ask where the crippled…
  • p. 225 …By 25 September 1957, the National Security Council had become concerned with the course of events…
  • p. 251 …Early in 1963 the Agency sought special funds from the Pentagon to de velop a high…
  • p. 363 …CIA and Pentagon Covert Operations Since World War fl. New York: William Morrow, 1986. ---. The Soviet…
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Sect et NOFOAN
Chapter 6
--- 60'0"----------
important design features that contributed to a small radar return were Convair K!NGFISH
fiberglass engine inlets and wings whose leading edges were made of. ..., - ,.,
Pyroceram.
Lockheed's new entry was much like its first, but with several
modi fications and a new designator, A-12. It, too, would employ two
of the powerful J58 engines. Lockheed's major innovation in reducing
radar return was a cesium additive in the fuel, which decreased the
radar cross section of the afterburner plume. This improvement had
been proposed by Edward Purcell of the Land committee. Desiring to
save weight, Kelly Johnson had decided not to construct the A- 12 out
of steel. Traditional lightweight metals such as aluminum were out of
the question because they could not stand the heat that would be gen
erated as the A- 12 flew at Mach 3.2, so Johnson chose a titanium
alloy.
On 20 August 1959, Lockheed and Convair submitted their pro
posals to a joint Department of Defense, Air Force, and CIA selection
panel. As the table shows, the two aircraft were similar in performance
" Convair Division. General Dynamics Corporation. " KINGFISH Summary Re:port."
1959 (S). Kelly Johnson was very skeptical of the Convair design. noting in the Archangel
project log on 1-20 August 1959: ·'Convair have promised substantially reduced radar
cross seclion on an airplane the size of our A-12. They are doing this, in my view. with
. lOtal disregard for aerodynamics. inlet and afterburner p,:rformance...
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.