Documents / Official release

CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a Secret History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach of the Central Intelligence Agency, published in 1992. It gives a history of the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, covering the development and operation of the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART aircraft. It covers overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

From the source:Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

  • p. 18 …This search soon led him to a British twin-engine medium bomber the Canberra-built by…
  • p. 19 …staff was the RB-57D in I 955, whose maximum altitude RAF Canberra Mark-PR3 Seeret
  • p. 22 …al titude performance of the 8-57 Canberra. By January 1954 all three firms had submitted…
  • p. 36 …The RAF equipped the new Canberra PR7 with Rolls Royce Avon-109 engines and gave it…
  • p. 37 …discuss the modi fications for high-alti tude flight being made to the US Canberra, the…
  • p. 80 …production was needed to power spedally configured Canberra RB-57Ds for the Air Force. The first…
  • p. 122 …a reconnaissance version of the twin-engine Canberra bomber, similar to the RAF overflight of Kapustin…
  • p. 130 …et N6fOFU~ Chapter 3 .9f British Canberra bombers at Akrotiri, Cyprus: The Anglo-French military buildup…
  • p. 175 …2 and an Air Force RB-57D Canberra. The two air craft cruised along the Soviet…
  • p. 372 …333 Canberra 5. 9. 23-24. 67. 109. 117, 162 Cannon. Clarence 88 Capp, A l…
  • p. 401 …146 Inspector General 61 oxygen mask 62 RB-57D Canberra 162 Third Air Force 89 US…
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Sect et NOFOAN
Chapter 6
--- 60'0"----------
important design features that contributed to a small radar return were Convair K!NGFISH
fiberglass engine inlets and wings whose leading edges were made of. ..., - ,.,
Pyroceram.
Lockheed's new entry was much like its first, but with several
modi fications and a new designator, A-12. It, too, would employ two
of the powerful J58 engines. Lockheed's major innovation in reducing
radar return was a cesium additive in the fuel, which decreased the
radar cross section of the afterburner plume. This improvement had
been proposed by Edward Purcell of the Land committee. Desiring to
save weight, Kelly Johnson had decided not to construct the A- 12 out
of steel. Traditional lightweight metals such as aluminum were out of
the question because they could not stand the heat that would be gen
erated as the A- 12 flew at Mach 3.2, so Johnson chose a titanium
alloy.
On 20 August 1959, Lockheed and Convair submitted their pro
posals to a joint Department of Defense, Air Force, and CIA selection
panel. As the table shows, the two aircraft were similar in performance
" Convair Division. General Dynamics Corporation. " KINGFISH Summary Re:port."
1959 (S). Kelly Johnson was very skeptical of the Convair design. noting in the Archangel
project log on 1-20 August 1959: ·'Convair have promised substantially reduced radar
cross seclion on an airplane the size of our A-12. They are doing this, in my view. with
. lOtal disregard for aerodynamics. inlet and afterburner p,:rformance...
Secaet

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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.