Documents / Official release

CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a Secret History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach of the Central Intelligence Agency, published in 1992. It gives a history of the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, covering the development and operation of the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART aircraft. It covers overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

From the source:Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

  • p. 24 …April 1954. Lo.:khec:d Corporation. Advanced Devdopmcnt Projec:ts Divi~ion. Burbank. California. Sec,et
  • p. 58 …Pedlow, Burbank, California, 26 August 1988. 6eeret 11
  • p. 85 …how to transfer Lockheed employees from Burbank to Area 5 l without arousing a great deal…
  • p. 273 …SP-1362, "History of the OXCART Program," Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, Burbank, CA. I July 1968, p…
  • p. 287 …designed trailer truck that carried it from Burbank to Area 5 I. By 18 November 1959…
  • p. 296 …not test the OXCART aircraft at its Burbank facility, where the runway was too short and…
  • p. 297 …Construction began in September 1960; a C-47 shuttle s,ervice ferried work crews from Burbank…
  • p. 299 …The plane left Burbank on 26 February 1962 and arrived at Area 51 two days later…
  • p. 304 …into the engine nacelles during assembly at Burbank were sucked into the power plant during initial…
  • p. 372 …293 BUORL 22 Burbank. California 45 &eeret NOFe"N Index Burke. William 168 120 114 Byeloruss1a…
262
6eeret NOFORN
Chapter 6
The two most prominent firms involved in the search for a new
aircraft were Lockheed, which had designed the successful U-2, and
Convair, which was building the supersonic 8-58 "Hustler" bomber
for the Air Force and also working on an even faster model known as
the B-588 "Super Hustler." Early in 1958, Richard Bissell asked of
ficials from both finns to submit designs for a high-speed reconnais
sance aircraft. During the spring and summer of 1958, both fiirms
worked on design concepts without government contracts or funds .
Following extended discussions with Bissell on the subject of a
supersonic successor to the U-2, Lockheed's Kelly Johnson begani de
signing an aircraft that would cruise at Mach 3.0 at altitudes above
90,000 feet. On 23 July 1958, Johnson presented his new high-speed
concept to Land's advisory committee, which expressed interest in the
approach he was taking. At the same meeting. Navy representatives
presented a concept for a high-altitude reconnaissance vehicle that ex
amined the possibility of developing a ramjet-powered, inflatatble,
rubber vehicle that would be lifted to altitude by a balloon and 1then
•be propelled by a rocket to a speed where the ramjets could produce
thrust. Richard Bissell asked Johnson to evaluate this concept, and
three weeks later, after receiving more details from Navy repre
sentatives. Kelly Johnson made some quick calculations that showed
that the design was impractical because the balloon would have to be
a mile in diameter to lift the vehicle, which in tum would need a wing
surface area greater than one-seventh of an acre to carry the payload:
By September 1958, Lockheed had studied a number of possible
configurations, some based on ramjet engines. others with both ram
jets and turbojets. Personnel at Lockheed's Skunk Works referred to
these aircraft concepts as "Archangel-I," "Archangel-2," and so
fonh, a carryover from the original nickname of "Angel" given tci the
U-2 during its development. These nicknames for the various des:igns
sooo became simply "A-l," "A-2," etc.
In September 1958, the Land committee met again to review all
the concepts then under consideration and to winnow out the few that
were most practicable. Among the concepts rejected were the Navy's
proposal for an inflatable, ramjet-powered aircraft, a Boeing proposal
for a 190-foot-long hydrogen-powered inflatable aircraft, and a
'Clarence L. Johnson. '"Development of the Lockheed SR-7 I Blacl.bird:· Srudi.es in
Intelligence 26 (Summer 1982):4 (U); Johnson. "Archangel log."" 23 July 1958. 1.i
August I 958.
iiiel.lret

Not linked to a story yet.

About this file

Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.