Documents / Official release

CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a Secret History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach of the Central Intelligence Agency, published in 1992. It gives a history of the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, covering the development and operation of the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART aircraft. It covers overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

From the source:Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

  • p. 24 …April 1954. Lo.:khec:d Corporation. Advanced Devdopmcnt Projec:ts Divi~ion. Burbank. California. Sec,et
  • p. 58 …Pedlow, Burbank, California, 26 August 1988. 6eeret 11
  • p. 85 …how to transfer Lockheed employees from Burbank to Area 5 l without arousing a great deal…
  • p. 273 …SP-1362, "History of the OXCART Program," Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, Burbank, CA. I July 1968, p…
  • p. 287 …designed trailer truck that carried it from Burbank to Area 5 I. By 18 November 1959…
  • p. 296 …not test the OXCART aircraft at its Burbank facility, where the runway was too short and…
  • p. 297 …Construction began in September 1960; a C-47 shuttle s,ervice ferried work crews from Burbank…
  • p. 299 …The plane left Burbank on 26 February 1962 and arrived at Area 51 two days later…
  • p. 304 …into the engine nacelles during assembly at Burbank were sucked into the power plant during initial…
  • p. 372 …293 BUORL 22 Burbank. California 45 &eeret NOFe"N Index Burke. William 168 120 114 Byeloruss1a…
257
lead to the overseas deployment of Detachment G U-2s in 1974, when
the CIA was tasked to monitor the Israeli-Egyptian and lateir the
Israeli-Syrian disengagement areas. On 21 April l 974, a Detachment
G U-2 with appropriate support elements arrived at Akrotiri, Cyprus,
to conduct Operation OLIVE HARVEST. Between l2 May and 28
July, the detachment conducted six overfli ghts of the disengagement
areas. During these missions the electronic warning systems of the
U-2 registered numerous radar lockons, but no surface-to-air mis:siles
were fired. On l August 1974, responsibility for the OUYE
HARVEST missions as well as the aircraft itself came into the hands
of the Air Force as part of the transfer of the entire Agency U-2 pro
gram at that time. 77
The Phaseout of the Office of Special Activities
The Agency's U-2 program had been under review since the autumn
of l 969 to detennine if it should be continued along with the larger
Air Force U-2 program. In December 1969, President Nixon decided
to keep the Agency's program in existence through l 971 and asked
for a formal review by the 40 Committee (the new name for the 303
·Committee/Special Group). ln August 1970, the committee recom
mended continuing the program through fiscal year 1972. On 12
August 1972, the 40 Committee again favored continuation of the
CIA U-2 program. This recommendation was motivated primarily by
a desire not to alienate the Nationalist Chinese Government by el.imi
nating Project TACKLE. In June 1973, however, DCI Jame:s R.
Schlesinger informed the 40 Committee that this project could be ter
minated without causing major difficulties with the Nationalist
Chinese. On 30 August 1973, the 40 Committee approved the C:IA's
plans to tenninate the U-2 program effective I August 1974. The: Air
Force would assume funding responsibility for the four U-2R airicraft
assigned to the Agency and would take physical possession of them
then or shortly thereafter. On l April l 974, Ambassador Walter P.
McConaughy informed the Nationalist Chinese Government of the
US intention to end the U-2 project, and the two countries then
worked out a schedule for phasing out Project TACKLE.73
The transfer of all Agency U-2s to the Air Force eliminated
Detachments G and H. Their parent organization, the Office of
Special Activities, began its phaseout immediately thereafter. The
20-year career of the U-2 with the CIA had come to an end.
,., Ibid.. pp. 31-H (TS Codeword).
,. Ibid.. chap. 10, pp. 1-4 (TS Codeword).
Secret NOfOftN
Chapter 5

Not linked to a story yet.

About this file

Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.