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CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a Secret History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach of the Central Intelligence Agency, published in 1992. It gives a history of the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, covering the development and operation of the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART aircraft. It covers overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

From the source:Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

  • p. 143 …Air Force contract to evaluate ra dars, EG&G operated a small testing facility at Indian…
  • p. 244 …Then in August 1964, following the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, the Air Force assumed responsibility for…
  • p. 381 …232 Indian Springs, Nevada 274. 130, 132 Indonesia 211-212, 214,319 Indonesian Air Force 212…
237
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Chapter 5
Advanced ECM Equipment for Detachment H
Demand for overhead photography of the PRC continued to grow,
spurred in part by the results of earlier U-2 missions that revealed the
presence of Soviet-made MiG-2ls in the PRC. In addition, there were
indications that Communist China might be producing its own SAMs.
Furthermore, satellite photography revealed that preparations for the
first Chinese nuclear test were almost complete at the Lop Nor test
site.
The need for photographs of the Lop Nor site was considered so
urgent that the Defense Department finally relented and permitted the
System-XIII false-angle device jammer to be installed in Project
TACKLE aircraft, with the proviso that it not be turned on until after
the pilot had been alerted by System-XII that he was being tracked by
FAN SONG radars. Photographing Lop Nor, however, was not a sim
ple task. Located more than 2,000 miles west-northwest of Taiwan,
Lop Nor lay beyond the round trip range of T'ao-yuan-based U-2s and
in-flight refueling was not possible. Lop Nor was closer to Ta Khli,
Thailand, only 1,650 miles northwest of that base, and much closer to
Charbatia, India, which lay only 1,200 miles south of the testing site.
After refusing DCI McCone's suggestion to stage a Lop Nor
overflight from Charbatia using a CIA civilian pilot, President
Johnson approved a proposal to send a Project TACKLE unit to Ta
Khli for the mission to Lop Nor. A Detachment H U-2 with a
Nationalist Chinese pilot deployed to Ta Khli in mid-October to pre
pare for the overflight. Before mission preparations could be complet
ed, however, the Chinese detonated their first nuclear weapon on 16
October 1964, and the mission was canceled.57
The first overflight of Communist China since the 7 July 1964
loss was a 31 October mission over Lan-chou. By mid-November,
three more overflights had taken place, one over North Korea and
northern China and two over southern and central China. An over
flight of Manchuria on 9 December 1964 brought back photos of a
G-class ballistic-missile submarine. By this time, the mass of data be
ing provided by Project TACKLE overflights was overwhelming the
analysts of the Office of Research and Reports (ORR). An ORR
memorandum from 11 January 1965 reported that analysis of the
"large backlog of unexploited photography on Chinese Communist
'' Lay, "USIB History," vol. 6, pp. 751. 753-755.
--6ec1er

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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.