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CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a Secret History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach of the Central Intelligence Agency, published in 1992. It gives a history of the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, covering the development and operation of the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART aircraft. It covers overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

From the source:Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

  • p. 143 …Air Force contract to evaluate ra dars, EG&G operated a small testing facility at Indian…
  • p. 244 …Then in August 1964, following the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, the Air Force assumed responsibility for…
  • p. 381 …232 Indian Springs, Nevada 274. 130, 132 Indonesia 211-212, 214,319 Indonesian Air Force 212…
152
Sec, et NOFOAN
Chapter 3
Force of 31-with the more powerful Pratt & Whitney 175-Pl3 jet
engine. This new power plant generated 4,200 pounds more thrust
while adding only 2,050 pounds more weight. With its greater power,
the engine permitted the U-2 to reach operational altitude more quick
ly, thereby reducing the telltale contrails that the U-2 produced as it
passed through the tropopause at 45,000 to 55,000 feet. With the new
engine, U-2 passed through this portion of the atmosphere faster and
did so before entering hostile airspace, thus reducing the chance of
visual detection. The 175 power plant also made it possible for the
U-2 to carry a larger payload and gain another 2,500 feet in altitude,
permitting it to cruise at 74,600 feet. The new engines were in very
short supply because of the needs of the Air Force's F-105 construc
tion program, but Colonel Geary used his Air Force contacts to obtain
an initial supply of 12 engines. The Air Force never equipped its orig
inal U-2s with the 175 engines. 10"
Detachment C in Japan received the first of these re-engined air
craft, known as U-2Cs, in July 1959, and two more arrived in Turkey
for Detachment B in August. All Agency U-2s had the new engines
by the summer of 1962, but by then only seven CIA U-2s remained in
service.
INTERVENTION IN LEBANON, 1958
Although the U-2 was used less and less for its original role of gather
ing strategic intelligence on the Soviet Bloc, it had acquired the new
mission of providing US decisionmakers with up-to-date information
on crisis situations all around the world. The first use of the U-2 to
gather tactical intelligence occurred during the 1956 Suez Crisis.
Afterward, U-2s from the Turkish-based Detachment B conducted pe
riodic overflights to monitor the situation in the troubled Middle East,
and they became especially active during the summer of 1958.
On 15 July 1958, President Eisenhower ordered US troops to
land in Lebanon in response to a request for assistance by Lebanese
President Camille Chamoun. Three months earlier, Eisenhower had
turned down a similar request because the rioting that had led
President Chamoun to ask for American aid had died down before in
tervention became necessary. In July, however, President Eisenhower
saw the overall situation in the Middle East as much more threaten
ing. On 14 July forces aligned toward Egyptian President Gama[
""' OSA History, chap. 16, p. 8 (TS Codeword); Geary interview (S).
Geeret

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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.