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CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a Secret History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach of the Central Intelligence Agency, published in 1992. It gives a history of the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, covering the development and operation of the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART aircraft. It covers overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

From the source:Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

  • p. 12 later, at press conferences in February and July 1. 964, President Lyndon B. Johnson revealed the…
  • p. 40 …and meetings with every major unit of the US defense and intelligence establish ments. After receiving…
  • p. 98 …The Soviet Union sent strongly worded protest notes to the United States and the nations from…
  • p. 102 …not only press releases and the public Line to be taken, but also the suspension of…
  • p. 107 …in the United Kingdom. At about the ' Ibid.. pp. 17-18 (TS Codeword). ' Press Release of…
  • p. 112 …at a press conference that the Soviet Union might be ahead of the United States in…
  • p. 125 …Dial Press. 1982), pp. 45-47. '' Lundahl and Brugioni interview (TS Codeword). ~eeret
  • p. 167 …By 1957 cooperation be tween the United Kingdom and the United States had expanded to include…
  • p. 174 …Defense Department officials pressed President Eisenhower to authorize renewed overflights to gather up-to-date in…
  • p. 183 …On the 9 April overflight, the U-2 's ELINT-collection unit (System VI) indicated Soviet…
  • p. 195 …in the press about the presence of "spyplanes" on Japanese territory, asked the United States to…
  • p. 198 …DCI records (S). " United States Congress. Senate. Foreign Relations Committee. £recutive Sessions of tlze Sencae Foreign…
  • p. 307 …By 1962 the United States had become aware of the effectiveness of a new Soviet radar…
  • p. 315 …To preserve the secrecy of the OXCART program, the Air Force informed the press that an…
  • p. 328 …at times when the press and Congress alleged that the United States was falling behind the…
  • p. 362 …Smithsonian Institute Press, l 985. Khrushchev. Nikita S. Khrushchev Remembers: The Last Testament. Boston: Little, Brown…
  • p. 401 …United Kingdom (See Great Britain) United Kingdom Requirements Committee 154 United Nations 20 United Press International…
114
Secret NOFORI\I
Chapter 3
military and foreign policy planners needed immediate information
about developments in the eastern Mediterranean. Detachment A was,
therefore, assigned the first Middle East overflights. On 29 August,
U-2 missions 1104 and 1105 left Wiesbaden and overflew the eastern
Mediterranean littoral, starting with Greece, then Egypt, Israel,
Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey. Because these target areas were beyond
the round trip range of the Wiesbaden-based U-2s, the planes landed
at Adana for refueling. The next day, the same two planes, with dif
ferent pilots, took off from Adana and overflew the same Middle East
territory, this time including the Gaza Strip, before returning to
Wiesbaden. The film contained evidence of large numbers of British
troops on Malta and Cyprus and more new French-made aircraft in
Israel than had previously been reported."'"'
As the situation around Suez grew more tense, the Eisenhower
administration decided to release some of the U-2 photos to the
British Government. On 7 September, James Reber, chairman of the
Ad Hoc Requirements Committee, and Arthur Lundahl, chief of the
Photo Intelligence Division, flew to London, taking with them photos
of the eastern Mediterranean area, including the Suez Canal, taken on. .
30 August. These were the first and the only photos of the Middle
East that the President authorized to be given to the British during the
1956 crisis!5
The Eisenhower administration viewed the developments in the
eastern Mediterranean with great concern. To keep the President and
Secretary of State abreast of developments in the area, Deputy
Director for Intelligence Robert Amory established on 12 September
a multiagency group known as the PARAMOUNT Committee to
monitor the situation on a round-the-clock basis. The PARAMOUNT
Committee worked inside PID headquarters in the Steuart Building.
Composed of members from CIA, State, NSA, Army, Navy, and Air
Force, this committee met daily-frequently several times a day-to
produce reports based on information obtained from U-2 photogra
phy, communications and electronic intelligence, and agents. The
photointerpreters working for the PARMOUNT committee also came
from several agencies: the CIA, the Army, and the Navy.46
.... Mission folders 1104 (29 August 1956) and 1105 (29 August 1956), OSA records, job
67-8-972, box 6 (TS Codeword).
" Lundahl and Brugioni interview (TS Codeword); NP/C History, vol. I, pp. 56-58 (S).
.. NP/C History, vol. I. pp. 47-49, 54-56 (S).
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.