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CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a Secret History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach of the Central Intelligence Agency, published in 1992. It gives a history of the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, covering the development and operation of the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART aircraft. It covers overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

From the source:Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

  • p. 134 …By the end of the month, foreign troops began evacuating Egyptian terri tory, and the pressure…
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Seeret NOFORN
Chapter 3
same time, Richard Bissell learned that the State Department had told
Prime Minister Eden that only one U-2 was based at Lakenheath,
when in reality there were four.'
THE MOVE TO WIESBADEN
To avoid arousing further reaction in the United Kingdom and to
begin the program of U-2 overflights beyond the Iron Curtain without
further delay, Bissell moved Detachment A on 11 June I 956 to
Wiesbaden, one of the busiest airfields in West Germany, without
notifying West German authorities. The detachment commander, Col.
Frederick McCoy, was disappointed in his hope that the redeployment
of the U-2s could be accomplished without drawing undue attention.
The strange-looking planes, with bicycle-type wheels and wings so
long they touched the ground after landing, aroused considerable in
terest. Wiesbaden was to be only a temporary home for Detachment
A; the Air Force began preparing Giebelstadt near the East German
border for use by the U-2s. Giebelstadt was an old World War II
airbase that had been one of the launching sites for the GENETRIX
balloons.5
Soon after the four U-2s arrived in Wiesbaden, they were refitted
with the more powerful J57/P-3 l engines. The new engines were bet
ter suited for operations behind the Iron Curtain because they were
less likely to suffer flameouts than the earlier model. Once the new
engines were installed, the aircraft received the designation U-2B.6
Bissell was anxious to get the overflights started by late June
because SAC weather experts had predicted that the best weather for
photographing the Soviet Union would be between 20 June and 10
July. Bissell, however, had not yet received final authorization from
President Eisenhower to begin overflights of the Soviet Union. On 28
May 1956, when DCI Allen Dulles met with the President to discuss
the U-2's readiness for operations, Eisenhower still made no decision
on overflights. Three days later Dulles and Air Force Chief of Staff
' Christopher Andrew, Her Majesty's Secret Service: The Making of the British
Intelligence Community (New York. 1986). pp. 495-496; Beschloss, Mayday, p. I 16; OSA
History, chap. 11, pp. 18-21 (TS Codeword).
' OSA History, chap. 11, pp. 21-23 (TS Codeword).
• Ibid .. pp. 23, 26 (TS Codeword).
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.