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CIA-UAP-003, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Central Intelligence Agency · 1954 · 406 pages · text from the file's own layer

This is a Secret History Staff monograph by Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach of the Central Intelligence Agency, published in 1992. It gives a history of the CIA's manned overhead reconnaissance program from 1954 to 1974, covering the development and operation of the U-2 and the A-12 OXCART aircraft. It covers overflights of the Soviet Union, the 1960 downing of Francis Gary Powers, and later operations. One section is titled "U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK."

From the source:Release of 2026-06-12 This CIA History Staff document chronicles the complete history of the U-2 and OXCART (A-12) high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft programs from 1954 to 1974, detailing their development, operations over the Soviet Union and other targets worldwide, the famous downing of Francis Gary Powers in 1960, organizational reforms following that incident, and the eventual transfer of operations from CIA to Air Force control. A more redacted version of this document has been available on CIA's public website.

  • p. 134 …By the end of the month, foreign troops began evacuating Egyptian terri tory, and the pressure…
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Chapter 3
94
THE DEPLOYMENT OF DETACHMENT A
TO LAKENHEATH
The first Agency U-2 detachment, consisting of four aircraft and
pilots, was known publicly as the 1st Weather Reconnaissance
Squadron, Provisional (WRSP-1). The "provisional" designation
gave the U-2 detachments greater security because provisional Air
Force units did not have to report to higher headquarters. WRSP-1,
known within the Agency as Detachment A, began deploying to the
United Kingdom on 29 April 1956. By 4 May, all of the detachment's
personnel and equipment, including four aircraft, had arrived at
Lakenheath.!
Shortly after deployment, on 7 May, the National Advisory
Committee on Aeronautics (NACA) released an unclassified U-2
cover story stating that a Lockheed-developed aircraft would be flown
by the USAF Air Weather Service to study such high-altitude phenom
ena as the jet stream, convective clouds, temperature and wind struc
tures at jet-stream levels, and cosmic-ray effects up to 55,000 feet. 3
Before overflights could begin from Lakenheath, however, sev
eral incidents occurred that dampened Prime Minister Eden ·s interest
in having the U-2s on British territory. In mid-April 1956, a Soviet
naval squadron brought Soviet leaders Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai
Bulganin on an official visit to the United Kingdom. Although the
ships were docked in Portsmouth Harbor, a British counterintelli
gence operative and underwater expert, retired Royal Navy
Commander Lionel Crabb, apparently undertook a mission to exam
ine the hulls of these vessels but vanished in the process. His headless
body was later found washed up on a beach. This so-called Frogman
Incident caused an uproar in Parliament and a protest from Moscow
that soured relations between the United Kingdom and the Soviet
Union. To avoid further deterioration of Anglo-Soviet relations, the
Prime Minister wrote to President Eisenhower on 16 May asking that
overflights be postponed. Only two days later, a U-2 on a training
flight from Lakenheath inadvertently penetrated the British radar net
work, causing RAF fighters to scramble. Afterward the Air Ministry
made a public announcement that a special NACA aircraft was con
ducting high-altitude research in the United Kingdom. At about the
' Ibid.. pp. 17-18 (TS Codeword).
' Press Release of 7 May 1956 (U) in OSA History. chap. 7. annex 60 (TS Codeword).
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 406 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.