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AAWSAP DIRD, Aneutronic Fusion Propulsion II, November 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-11-01 · 36 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document, dated 1 November 2010, was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office under the Advanced Aerospace Weapons System Applications program. It reviews fusion plasma physics, confinement methods and propulsion concepts that use aneutronic fusion fuels such as hydrogen and boron-11. It concludes that pulsed DPF or IEC thrusters may replace satellite ion thrusters in the near term. It also finds that aneutronic fusion propulsion will not be practical beyond the solar system without breakthrough propulsion physics.

From the source:Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 11/1/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD revisits aneutronic fusion propulsion in a more systems-oriented manner, arguing that fusion concepts using low-neutron fuels such as proton-boron or helium-3 could become attractive for space propulsion because they reduce shielding burdens and may support direct conversion of charged-particle energy into thrust or onboard power. The report reviews the relevant fusion plasma physics and focuses on several candidate confinement approaches, then connects those concepts to possible applications in near-space, orbital, and interplanetary propulsion. It presents the most plausible nearer-term use as very high-power electric or plasma propulsion for satellites and deep-space missions rather than atmospheric flight or interstellar travel, while emphasizing that major obstacles remain in ignition, sustained confinement, system mass, power handling, fuel storage, launch integration, and end-to-end engineering.

UNCLASSIFIED//FOR AEEICl\k W&li 8HLV
MID-TERM DEVELOPMENTS
Mid -term developments for the timeframe 2020 to 2030 will include engineering
designs and ground testing of the selected aneutronic reactor concepts that have the
highest probability of success. Universities, national labs, and private companies all
contribute designs. Some will be further along by 2020 than others due to funding,
investments, scientific breakthroughs, or evolutionary modifications. Systems
engineering analysis for aerospace applications must accompany the ground-based
experiments, material science, and physical analysis to achieve a solution that can
transition to viable aerospace engineering prototypes from plasma fusion propulsion
research.
Development of high-temperature superconductors that can be machined into multi
Tesla capable confinement magnets is a current area of research. Recent advances in
high-temperature superconductors are driven by the sensitivity of semiconductor
quantum interference device (SQUID) circuits, the desire for improvements in MRI,
improved energy storage, transformers and delivery systems for utility companies, and
generators and motors for submarines for the Navy.
Here, the materials must not only be compatible with lightweight cryogenics (such as
pulse tube compressors), but they must be less brittle and capable of mold ing into coil
geometries with material compatibilities across a broad range of temperatures and
stress loads. A suitable substitute for the Nb3SnCu or NbTi in ground-based reactor
designs with lighter weight components for both the superconducting materials and the
above critical temperature conductor substrates must be found. Building a one-of-a
kind coil geometry large enough to integrate into a plasma fusion engine and able to
survive the local environment will likely be an expensive proposition. In the near term,
although scale models are useful, the physics and densities change with size. Although
this estimate may be optimistic, with concerted efforts by the magnet companies it
should be achievable.
Energy efficiency is paramount to effective propulsion, fuel consumption, and
affordability . Experiments for direct energy conversion might include the following:
• Strategic electrode placement to recover power from unconfined charge particle
emanation.
• Inductive coils for recovery of excess magnetic field energy.
• Channeling of thermal energy to heat exchangers or augmented electric power
generators.
Fusion experiments such as Vlasov modeling, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models,
and electrodynamic relaxation models for particle transport, fluid/plasma dynamics,
collision-dominated transport, and fusion cross-section predictions need to be applied.
Figure 19 summarizes all of these proposed development paths.
UNCLASSIFIED/ /fOR OfFIOIAl lal&li &P•lY
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 36 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.