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AAWSAP DIRD, Cockpits in the Era of Breakthrough Flight, November 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-11-01 · 57 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document, dated 1 November 2010 and numbered DIA-08-1011-002, was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office. It is one of a series of advanced technology reports produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications program. It draws mainly on the book Frontiers of Propulsion Science and speculates about breakthroughs such as control of gravity and inertia and faster-than-light travel. It then proposes a provisional cockpit design with six-degree-of-freedom controls, virtual displays and no windows.

From the source:Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 11/1/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD examines how cockpit design might change if future aerospace vehicles were ever to achieve major propulsion breakthroughs such as control over gravity and inertia, “propellantless” flight, or faster-than-light travel. The report does not describe an existing or emerging vehicle class. Instead, it asks what such hypothetical capabilities would mean for piloting, displays, controls, and human factors, and it argues that the biggest design challenges would come from full six-degree-of-freedom motion, operation across multiple flight regimes from near-surface flight to orbit and deep space, and the possible separation between the craft’s actual motion and the crew’s internal physical sensations. It combines those assumptions with established human-machine-interface principles and with maturing inputs such as gesture, voice, and brain-machine control to outline a provisional cockpit centered on intuitive displays, stress-tolerant physical controls, and a virtual surround display.

  • p. 18 …missions, add it ional crew will be required, and thus addit ional displays and controls specific…
  • p. 19 …If these distances are determined to be excessive, then automated flight controls are mandatory. Another aspect…
  • p. 31 …operations to maintain fluency between pilot and mission control communications. - Include buffers in checklists to provide…
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DEVICES FOR RECEIVING PILOT COMMANDS
In much the same way that displays are configured to match the dominant norms of
human behavior, so too are the command functions. As evidenced by the gaming
industry, the motions of the pilot's hands-whether by a joystick or a Wii controller42 -
mimic the intended physical motions of the object under control. Some of these control
technologies are described below.
Physical Controls
Devices such as joysticks, toggle switches, thumb wheels, rotary switches, and even
keyboards will still be mandatory in cockpits of the future. This is based on needing
fixed locations for the most critical displays and controls. Additionally, tactile feedback
helps the pilot know that their command has been entered. In moments of crisis, a
human can react quickly to reach for just the right switch and detect the sensation
when that switch is flipped.
Joysticks take advantage of human nature, where hand motions mimic the intended
motions of the object under control. Joysticks and pedals with force-feedback or
vibration feedback add another element of information that humans can process in
parallel-feedback that would not be possible with virtual controls .43
Despite advances in other data-input technologies (e.g., voice), it is likely that there
will be times when a keyboard is required, but its routine use is not expected.
Keyboards are an efficient way to accurately enter alphanumeric data and especially
narrative text. Conversely, keyboard use is time consuming, physically requires a large
space (can be stowed, however), and is subject to errors during vibration or buffeting.
Such errors are reduced when having some physical support to help anchor the hands.
Gesture-Based Inputs
By the time that propulsion breakthroughs become viable, it is likely that gesture-based
commands will have evolved past the current systems' problems of misinterpreting
wayward motions and will have become an effective way to replace the mouse for
cursor control. In addition, it is expected that more options will be available through
gestures than through existing mouse buttons (right click, left click, and scrolling). 44
When used in combination with a voice-command system, it is expected to be an
effective tool for the more complex and varied instruction sets, such as navigation. For
example, the notion of being able to point to a locati on on an expansive virtual map
and say, "go there," seems an ideal implementation.
Furthermore, the use of gesture-based inputs in analyzing new data seems appropriate,
provided that the lessons from adaptive displays are heeded. Although fascinating,
gesture-based commands are dependent on how well the information that they are
manipulating is organized. Therefore, these inputs might be prone to the same keyhole
errors and mode errors of adaptive displays.
Prior lessons regarding quick emergency commands should also be heeded, specifically
where all critical commands have dedicated physical controls. Gesture-based
commands can be redund ant, but again, the physical control should be the dominant
source of critical inputs . Consider the event of buffeting, where the position of an
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 57 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.