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AAWSAP DIRD, Laser Lightcraft Nanosatellites, November 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-11-01 · 77 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIA-08-1011-001), dated 1 November 2010, was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications program. It covers nanosatellite technologies, laser Lightcraft propulsion, a weapon mission selection study and a multi-megawatt laser study. The author recommends that the Department of Defense, working with NASA, bring laser Lightcraft propulsion research back to the United States and restart the Air Force X-50LR test flight program.

From the source:Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 11/1/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD examines laser-propelled “Lightcraft” as a possible low-cost method to launch very small satellites into low Earth orbit by using a remote high-energy laser to supply most of the propulsion energy rather than relying entirely on onboard energy sources. The report combines a survey of nanosatellite trends with a review of “Lightcraft” propulsion concepts, vehicle design, beam-control requirements, and mission studies, and argues that the most promising application is the launch of nano- or pico-satellites, especially Earth- and space-observing payloads of a few kilograms or less. It presents the concept as potentially much cheaper than conventional multistage rockets for very small payloads, while also noting significant practical constraints including strict beam-riding geometry, atmospheric losses, demanding pointing and adaptive-optics requirements, and heavy dependence on large ground-, sea-, or air-based laser infrastructure. Overall, the document presents laser “Lightcraft” as a technically plausible launch concept whose attractiveness depends on whether the supporting laser and beam-control system can be made reliable and economical at operational scale.

  • p. 8 …The sensor must be capable of detecting Earth over a range of orbital radii with a…
  • p. 17 …For the purpose of this report, we envision a Lightcraft Earth-to-Orbit (ETO) transportation system…
  • p. 23 …kg, and 1.0 kg into low Earth orbit (LEO). And preliminary life-cycle cost estimates…
  • p. 34 …not only placing nanosats into LEO at low cost (Figure 14 ), but also for performing much…
  • p. 42 …Each picosat is gravity gradient stable, has a dipole array facing Earth, and a broader beam…
  • p. 43 …orrlCIAE USE 014Lf pushbroom scanning mode for complete Earth coverage rather than only sampling coverage. The…
  • p. 72 …The system is single-stage-to-orbit and completely reusable with no onboard propellant required (the…
  • p. 75 …J., et al. (1991), "System Requirements for Low-Earth-Orbit Launch Using Laser Propulsion," in Proc…
UNCLASSIFIED//rOR: orrlCIAE USE O14Lf
Table 5. Influence of Lightcraft and Target Velocity on Impact Energy and
Required Mass [261.
Impact Ballistic Missile Threat
Ligbtcraft Lightcraft Energy -SRBM--IRBM--ICBM-Intercept Intercept and R-10,000 kmR-2500 kmR-1000 kmAspect Velocity Weight V=6km/s
Impact E for
V=4 km/sV=2 km/s
16MJ 36MJ 64MJ
1.0 kg Wt.
2 km/s
Wt for 10 .16 kg.28kg.63 kg
MJofE
Impact E for 49MJ 81 MJ25MJ0° from 1.0 kg Wt.
Bead-on 3 km/s
Wt. For 10Collision .12 kg.40 kg .20kg
MJofE
Impact E for lOOMJ36MJ 64MJ1.0 kg Wt.
4 km/s Wt. for 10 .JOkg.28 kg .16 kg
MJofE
RECOMMENDED LIGHTCRAFT MISSIONS FOR BALLISTIC MISSILE
DEFENSE
Laser-powered Lightcraft, flown on air-to-space trajectories, show much promise for
performing exo-atmospheric BMD missions, especially if the laser can also be used to
discriminate warhead-carrying vehicles from decoys and non-threatening debris. Such
Lightcraft also appear capable of eliminating enemy satellites in LEO, if the Lightcraft
laser can illuminate them. But a significant effort would be required to analyze the
engagement scenarios for such a system, and fully investigate the decoy discrimination
and satellite tracking capabilities of the Lightcraft's pulsed laser and the hit-to-kill
guidance requirements for the Lightcraft itself.
Locating lasers and Lightcraft on existing aircraft, such as the Boeing 747, B-1 Lancer,
or C-130, appears to be an attractive alternative to ground/sea-based laser Lightcraft
systems. In this case, airborne laser beams at 12 km altitude will not suffer the
significant propagation losses that occur when guiding and propelling Lightcraft through
the lower atmosphere, and greater Lightcraft flight range should therefore be
achievable. (The increase in laser range, due to reduced propagation losses, for high
altitude operation will be somewhat diminished because of the smaller allowable
apertures on aircraft-mounted laser optics, which are on the order of 1.0 m as
compared to apertures on the order of 10.0 m for large ground/sea-based laser
installations.) Furthermore, airborne laser Lightcraft systems possess much greater
operational flexibility since their carrier aircraft can fly over significant distances to
reach desired launch locations, and can be based at almost any major Air Force facility
UNCLASSIFIED//FOR O61ilCl.li.k W&& 8Ptl'l
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 77 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.