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AAWSAP DIRD, Laser Lightcraft Nanosatellites, November 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-11-01 · 77 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIA-08-1011-001), dated 1 November 2010, was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications program. It covers nanosatellite technologies, laser Lightcraft propulsion, a weapon mission selection study and a multi-megawatt laser study. The author recommends that the Department of Defense, working with NASA, bring laser Lightcraft propulsion research back to the United States and restart the Air Force X-50LR test flight program.

From the source:Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 11/1/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD examines laser-propelled “Lightcraft” as a possible low-cost method to launch very small satellites into low Earth orbit by using a remote high-energy laser to supply most of the propulsion energy rather than relying entirely on onboard energy sources. The report combines a survey of nanosatellite trends with a review of “Lightcraft” propulsion concepts, vehicle design, beam-control requirements, and mission studies, and argues that the most promising application is the launch of nano- or pico-satellites, especially Earth- and space-observing payloads of a few kilograms or less. It presents the concept as potentially much cheaper than conventional multistage rockets for very small payloads, while also noting significant practical constraints including strict beam-riding geometry, atmospheric losses, demanding pointing and adaptive-optics requirements, and heavy dependence on large ground-, sea-, or air-based laser infrastructure. Overall, the document presents laser “Lightcraft” as a technically plausible launch concept whose attractiveness depends on whether the supporting laser and beam-control system can be made reliable and economical at operational scale.

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• Termina l seeker guidance for hit-to-kill accuracy against missiles and
maneuvering aircraft.
• Axial-/lateral-propulsion and control for missile and maneuvering aircraft
interception.
• Additional mass along Lightcraft centerline for hardened target penetration.
LIGHTCRAFT MISSION INVESTIGATIONS: SUMMARY AND
CONCLUSIONS
Ground/Sea to Space (ETO) t26l
If laser propulsion can provide nearly all Lightcraft /lv needed to reach LEO, then
Lightcraft nanosat systems, which combine both launch vehicle and nanosat
subsystems within a single vehicle, may be achievab le with launch masses in the 2 kg
to 10 kg ra nge; and such Lightcraft nanosat systems appear capable of reaching LEO at
1/Sth to 1/10th the cost required using multistage chemical rocket systems.
Air to Space (Air to Orbit) t26l
If hypersonic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) airbreathing propulsion research and
development currently underway at the NSF, NASA and the AFRL (Dayton, OH) is
successful, then Lig htcraft dry masses as heavy as 100 kg can be launched from
aircraft flying at Mach 10 to 12 at about 30 km above the Earth . Such Lightcraft could
be propelled by laser power as high as 100 MW that can be generated from the
electrical power of ionized-air-slowing by interacting electric and magnetic fields within
hypersonic MHD airbreathing engines.
Air to Space (Ballistic Missile Interception) t26J
Sufficient impact energy for destruction of high-speed ballistic missiles above the
atmosphere is possible with chemical propulsion and uncooled IR detectors (for semi
active homing and axial/lateral acceleration during end-game) integrated into Lightcraft
vehicles for an approximate 100% dry mass increase (from 1.0 kg to 2.0 kg). But
multiple target interception within allowable time is limited by relatively long beam
riding time needed for the Lightcraft to reach and destroy each target.
Although laser-propelled Lightcraft appear capable of performing certain Air Force
tactical missions, and are much less expensive than missiles currently used for such
missions, the laser and aircraft costs associated with Lig htcraft launches are much
greater. Also, clouds impair Lig htcraft air-to-ground and air-to-air effectiveness while
air-to-air and air-to-space effectiveness is limited by long Lightcraft beam-riding times.
Thus, no truly attractive Lightcraft combat mission was found. On the other hand,
Lightcraft were found to be extremely attractive, compared to chemical rockets, in
boosting microsats, nanosats, and picosats to LEO whereby the Lightcraft plus
ground/sea-based laser costs are significantly less than multistage chemical rocket
costs. Thus, the selected Lightcraft missions are launch vehicle missions involving
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 77 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.