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AAWSAP DIRD, Advanced Nuclear Propulsion for Manned Deep Space Missions, March 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-03-11 · 37 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document is dated 11 March 2010. It was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office as part of the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications program. It is a technical paper arguing that spacecraft driven by deuterium thermonuclear reactions could be built with current science and could reach the outer solar system. It covers magnetic insulation, ignition by proton beams, a Super Marx generator and conjectured chemical superexplosives. It does not discuss any UFO sightings.

From the source: Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 3/11/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD examines advanced nuclear propulsion for crewed deep-space travel and argues that human missions beyond the Moon would require propulsion systems with both very high thrust and very high specific impulse, which the author contends are difficult to achieve with conventional chemical, nuclear-thermal, and nuclear-electric systems. The report focuses on concepts derived from Project Orion, the discontinued General Atomics nuclear pulse propulsion study sponsored first by ARPA and later by the U.S. Air Force between 1958 and 1965, in which a spacecraft would be driven by repeated nuclear explosions. In this case, the DIRD emphasizes small non-fission-triggered fusion explosions using deuterium, magnetic mirrors, and other unconventional ignition concepts intended to avoid the inefficiencies associated with small fission devices. It presents these ideas as a possible pathway to crewed missions across the solar system, while also linking them to broader visions of long-range human expansion into space. The document is exploratory in character and depends on several unproven ignition methods, enabling technologies, and engineering assumptions. Overall, it is a theoretical examination of fusion-based pulse propulsion concepts rather than as a documentary account of a technology nearing practical realization.

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Society, it was proposed to "mine" He3 from the atmosphere of Jupiter. In either case,
the cost to recover appreciable amounts of He3 would be very high .
For the DD reaction, the situation is quite different because there the instantaneous
burn with deuterium of the T- and He3 - reaction products of deuterium makes possible
a detonation wave in dense deuterium. In this detonation wave, only 38 percent of the
energy released goes into neutrons, compared with 80 percent for the DT reaction .
Deuterium can be extracted from water with relative ease in three steps :
• Water is electrolytically split into hydrogen and oxygen.
• The hydrogen gas, composed of H2 and HD, is cooled down until it liquefies,
whereby the heavier HD is separated by the force of gravity from the lighter H2.
• The newly produced HD is heated and passed through a catalyst, spl itting HD into
H2 and D2, accord ing to the equation (Reference 7) 2HD---+ H2 + D2.
Since the gravitational field on the surface of a comet or small planet, from which the
D2 shall be extracted, is small, the apparatus separating the liquid HD from H2 must be
set into rap id rotation.
The comparatively small amount of energy needed for the separation can ideally be
drawn from a ferroelectric capacitor (for example, a barium-titanate capacitor with a
dielectric constant c: ::::: 5,000), to be charged up to many kilovolts by a small fraction of
the electric energy drawn from the deuterium fusion explosions through a magneto
hydrodynamic loop (Reference 2). One can also draw this energy from a small on - board
nuclear reactor requiring only a small radiator, slowly charging the capacitor.
Alternatively, one may store the needed energy in the magnetic field of a
superconductor.
For the launching of the spacecraft into Earth orbit, a very different scheme is
proposed. It requires special materials that are readily available on Earth but not on
extraterrestrial bodies serving as landing points to refuel the spacecraft. There the
primary resource is water from which deuterium is obtained.
In the Orion bomb propulsion project, a large number of fission bombs, or fission
triggered fusion bombs, were proposed to lift the spacecraft into space. Since this
would release a large amount of highly radioactive fission products into the
atmosphere, it was one of the causes that killed Orion. Even though large payloads can
be brought into Earth orbit by chemical rockets, this rema ins very expensive, and an
acceptable less expensive nuclear alternative is highly desirable.
There appear to be two possibilities:
• A laser driven by a high explosive, powerful enough to ignite a DT microexplosion,
wh ich in turn can initiate a thermonuclear detonation in deuterium (Reference 8) .
• A second, more speculative possibility is the conjectured existence of chemical
kiloelectronvolt (keV) superexplosives. These are chem ical compounds formed under
high pressure, resulting in keV bridges between inner electron shells and able to
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 37 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.