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AAWSAP DIRD, Advanced Nuclear Propulsion for Manned Deep Space Missions, March 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-03-11 · 37 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document is dated 11 March 2010. It was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office as part of the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications program. It is a technical paper arguing that spacecraft driven by deuterium thermonuclear reactions could be built with current science and could reach the outer solar system. It covers magnetic insulation, ignition by proton beams, a Super Marx generator and conjectured chemical superexplosives. It does not discuss any UFO sightings.

From the source: Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 3/11/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD examines advanced nuclear propulsion for crewed deep-space travel and argues that human missions beyond the Moon would require propulsion systems with both very high thrust and very high specific impulse, which the author contends are difficult to achieve with conventional chemical, nuclear-thermal, and nuclear-electric systems. The report focuses on concepts derived from Project Orion, the discontinued General Atomics nuclear pulse propulsion study sponsored first by ARPA and later by the U.S. Air Force between 1958 and 1965, in which a spacecraft would be driven by repeated nuclear explosions. In this case, the DIRD emphasizes small non-fission-triggered fusion explosions using deuterium, magnetic mirrors, and other unconventional ignition concepts intended to avoid the inefficiencies associated with small fission devices. It presents these ideas as a possible pathway to crewed missions across the solar system, while also linking them to broader visions of long-range human expansion into space. The document is exploratory in character and depends on several unproven ignition methods, enabling technologies, and engineering assumptions. Overall, it is a theoretical examination of fusion-based pulse propulsion concepts rather than as a documentary account of a technology nearing practical realization.

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Advanced Nuclear Propulsion for Manned Deep Space
Missions
Preface
My interest in space flight dates to when I was about 10 years old and
received as a birthday gift a popular book about the feasibility of space flight.
From it I learned for the first time about Oberth and Goddard and of the
possibility of reaching the Moon with a multistage rocket. This occurred at the
same time that Hahn and Strassmann announced the discovery of nuclear
fission, with the possibility of an atomic bomb by a fission chain reaction.
Having been born in Germany in 1929, I received my Ph.D. in physics under
Heisenberg in 1955. Inspired by the 15-megaton hydrogen bomb test
conducted by the United States in 1952, I have been deeply interested in the
nonfission ignition of thermonuclear reactions by inertial confinement since
1954. At the time all fusion research in the United States was still classified,
but I had quite independently discovered the basic principles of inertial
confinement, the Guderley convergent shock wave, and the Rayleigh
imploding shell solutions. In 1956 I presented my findings at a meeting
organized by Von Weizsacker at the Max Planck Institute in Goettingen. The
abstracts of this meeting reside today in the University of Stuttgart library.
In 1958 I had delivered a paper at the 2nd United Nations Conference on the
Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy on Nerva-type nuclear rocket reactors. The
paper turned out to be of some importance as I was invited by the U.S.
government to come to the United States under "Operation Paperclip." In San
Diego I met Ted Taylor and Freeman Dyson, who were working on the famous
"Orion" nuclear bomb propulsion concept. This concept is generally credited to
Stanislaw Ulam, but I know from conversations I had with Heisenberg that a
similar idea had been presented to Heisenberg by Wernher von Braun in Berlin
in or around 1942. Because of my idea to use the Guderley convergent shock
wave solution for thermonuclear ignition, Ted Taylor and Freeman Dyson were
interested in my joining their group. But because at that time this work was
classified and I was not yet a U.S. citizen, this was not possible.
In 1967 I saw a new possibility for the nonfission ignition of thermonuclear
microexplosions by intense relativistic electron and ion beams, driven by a
high-voltage Marx generator. This ignition concept could be used not only to
control the release of energy by nuclear fusion, but also to propel a spacecraft,
replacing the pusher plate of the Orion concept with a magnetic mirror,
reflecting the plasma-fireball of the thermonuclear microexplosion (Reference
1, 2). This idea was adopted by the British Interplanetary Society in its 1978
Project Daedalus starship study, replacing a neutron-rich deuterium-tritium
(OT) thermonuclear explosive with a neutron-poor deuterium-helium3 (DHe3)
explosive (Reference 3). Unlike the OT reaction, in which 80 percent of the
released energy goes into neutrons, most of the energy in the D-He3 reaction
goes into alpha particles, which can be deflected by a magnetic mirror. But
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 37 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.