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AAWSAP DIRD, Advanced Nuclear Propulsion for Manned Deep Space Missions, March 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-03-11 · 37 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document is dated 11 March 2010. It was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office as part of the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications program. It is a technical paper arguing that spacecraft driven by deuterium thermonuclear reactions could be built with current science and could reach the outer solar system. It covers magnetic insulation, ignition by proton beams, a Super Marx generator and conjectured chemical superexplosives. It does not discuss any UFO sightings.

From the source:Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 3/11/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD examines advanced nuclear propulsion for crewed deep-space travel and argues that human missions beyond the Moon would require propulsion systems with both very high thrust and very high specific impulse, which the author contends are difficult to achieve with conventional chemical, nuclear-thermal, and nuclear-electric systems. The report focuses on concepts derived from Project Orion, the discontinued General Atomics nuclear pulse propulsion study sponsored first by ARPA and later by the U.S. Air Force between 1958 and 1965, in which a spacecraft would be driven by repeated nuclear explosions. In this case, the DIRD emphasizes small non-fission-triggered fusion explosions using deuterium, magnetic mirrors, and other unconventional ignition concepts intended to avoid the inefficiencies associated with small fission devices. It presents these ideas as a possible pathway to crewed missions across the solar system, while also linking them to broader visions of long-range human expansion into space. The document is exploratory in character and depends on several unproven ignition methods, enabling technologies, and engineering assumptions. Overall, it is a theoretical examination of fusion-based pulse propulsion concepts rather than as a documentary account of a technology nearing practical realization.

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The Super Marx generator therefore can accomplish on Earth what the spacecraft acting
as a large capacitor can do in space.
The testing of an Argon ion laser driven by high explosives can, of course, be done on
Earth, and the same applies to the conjectured superexplosives.
Conclusion
If large-scale manned spaceflight has any future, a high-specific-impulse, high-thrust
propulsion system is needed. The only known propulsion concept with this property is
nuclear bomb propulsion. However, since large-yield nuclear explosions are for obvious
reasons undesirable, the nuclear explosions should be comparatively small. But because
of what Freeman Dyson described as the "tyranny of the critical mass," small fission
bombs or fission-triggered fusion bombs become extravagant, with only a fraction of
the nuclear material consumed. 1
In the original Orion bomb propulsion concept, the propulsive power was through the
ablation of a pusher plate. There the energy is delivered to the pusher plate by the
black-body radiation of the exploding bomb. The propulsion by non-fission-triggered
fusion bombs not only has the advantage that it is not subject to the "tyranny of the
critical mass," but the propulsive power is there delivered by the kinetic energy of the
expanding hot plasma fireball repelled from the spacecraft by a magnetic mirror. This is
particularly true for a pure deuterium bomb, where, compared with DT, more energy is
released into charged fusion products (in a DT bomb, 80 percent of the energy goes
into neutrons).
Whereas in a fission explosion most of the energy is lost into space by the undirected
black-body radiation, much more propulsive energy can be drawn from the plasma of a
pure deuterium fusion bomb explosion, in conjunction with a magnetic mirror.
Manned space flight requires lifting large masses into Earth orbit, where they are
assembled into a large spacecraft. While this can be done with chemical rockets, it
would be much more economical if it could be done with a chain of small nuclear
explosions. Without radioactive fallout, this can be done with a chain of laser-ignited
fusion bombs, with one laser for each bomb, where the lasers become part of the
exhaust. Ignition can be done not by infrared chemical or CO2 lasers, as was suggested
by the Los Alamos team (Reference 18), but rather by an ultraviolet laser driven by
high explosives, as suggested by the author (Reference 9).
Looking to the future, using deuterium-widely available on most planets of the solar
system and in the Oort cloud outside the solar system-as the nuclear rocket fuel would
make manned space flight to the Oort cloud possible, at a distance at about one-tenth
of one light year.
1 The same is true for nuclear fission gas core rocket reactors, where much of the unburned fission fuel is lost in
the exhaust.
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 37 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.