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AAWSAP DIRD, Advanced Nuclear Propulsion for Manned Deep Space Missions, March 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-03-11 · 37 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document is dated 11 March 2010. It was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office as part of the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications program. It is a technical paper arguing that spacecraft driven by deuterium thermonuclear reactions could be built with current science and could reach the outer solar system. It covers magnetic insulation, ignition by proton beams, a Super Marx generator and conjectured chemical superexplosives. It does not discuss any UFO sightings.

From the source:Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 3/11/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD examines advanced nuclear propulsion for crewed deep-space travel and argues that human missions beyond the Moon would require propulsion systems with both very high thrust and very high specific impulse, which the author contends are difficult to achieve with conventional chemical, nuclear-thermal, and nuclear-electric systems. The report focuses on concepts derived from Project Orion, the discontinued General Atomics nuclear pulse propulsion study sponsored first by ARPA and later by the U.S. Air Force between 1958 and 1965, in which a spacecraft would be driven by repeated nuclear explosions. In this case, the DIRD emphasizes small non-fission-triggered fusion explosions using deuterium, magnetic mirrors, and other unconventional ignition concepts intended to avoid the inefficiencies associated with small fission devices. It presents these ideas as a possible pathway to crewed missions across the solar system, while also linking them to broader visions of long-range human expansion into space. The document is exploratory in character and depends on several unproven ignition methods, enabling technologies, and engineering assumptions. Overall, it is a theoretical examination of fusion-based pulse propulsion concepts rather than as a documentary account of a technology nearing practical realization.

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potentials, with the ring magnetically insulated against breakdown by the magnetic field
of a large toroidal current flowing through the ring. It is here proposed to give the
spacecraft a topologically equivalent shape, using the entire spacecraft for the
electrostatic energy storage (see Figure 4 ). There toroidal currents flowing azimuthally
around the outer shell of the spacecraft not only magnetically insulate the spacecraft
against the surrounding electron cloud but also generate a magnetic mirror field that
can reflect the plasma of the exploding fusion bomb. In addition, the expanding bomb
plasma can induce large currents, and if these currents are directed to flow through
magnetic field coils positioned on the upper side of the spacecraft, electrons from there
can be emitted into space surrounding the spacecraft by thermionic emitters placed on
the inner side of these coils, inductively charging (Reference 12) the spacecraft for
subsequent proton beam ignition pulses. A small high-voltage generator driven by a
small onboard fission reactor can make the initial charging, ejecting from the spacecraft
negatively charged pellets.
With the magnetic insulation criterion E < B ( E,B, in electrostatic units, esu), where Bis
the magnetic field surrounding the spacecraft measured in gauss, then for B= 104G,
E = 3 x l03 esu = 9 x 105 V/cm, one has E-(1/ 3)B, hence E < B. A spacecraft with the
dimension / - 3 x l03 cm can then be charged to a potential El- 3x l09 volts, with the
stored electrostatic energy on the order of & - (£ 2/ 8,r) [ 3 •
For E = 3 x 103 esu and l = 3 x 103 cm, & is on the order of 1 gigajoule. The discharge
time is on the order of r -1/c, where c = 3 x l0'0 cm/s is the velocity of light. In our
example, we have r - 10-7 sec. For a proton energy pulse of 1 gigajoule, the beam
power is 3 x l016 erg/s = 30 petawatts, large enough to ignite a pure deuterium
explosion.
Lifting of Large Payloads Into Earth Orbit
To lift large payloads into Earth orbit remains the most difficult task. For a launch from
the Earth's surface, magnetic insulation inside the Earth's atmosphere fails, and with it
the proposed pure deuterium bomb configuration. A different technique is suggested
here, one I had first proposed in a classified report dated January 1970 (Reference 9),
declassified in July 2007, and thereafter published (Reference 17). A similar idea was
proposed in a classified Los Alamos report, dated November 1970 (Reference 18) and
declassified in July 1979. In both cases the idea is to use an expendable laser for the
ignition of each nuclear explosion, with the laser material thereafter becoming part of
the propellant. The Los Alamos scientists had proposed to use an infrared carbon
dioxide (CO2) or chemical laser for this purpose, but this idea does not work, because
the wavelength is too long and therefore unsuitable for inertial confinement fusion. I
had suggested an ultraviolet argon ion laser instead. However, since argon ion lasers
driven by an electric discharge have a small efficiency, I had suggested a quite different
way of pumping it, illustrated in Figure 5. There the efficiency can be expected to be
quite high. It was proposed to use a cylinder of solid argon, surrounding it by a thick
cylindrical shell of high explosive. If simultaneously detonated from outside, a
convergent cylindrical shockwave is launched into the argon. For the high explosive,
one may choose hexogen with a detonation velocity of 8 km/s. In a convergent
cylindrical shockwave, the temperature rises as r ·0A , where r is the distance from axis
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 37 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.