Documents / Official release

AAWSAP DIRD, Advanced Nuclear Propulsion for Manned Deep Space Missions, March 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-03-11 · 37 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document is dated 11 March 2010. It was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office as part of the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications program. It is a technical paper arguing that spacecraft driven by deuterium thermonuclear reactions could be built with current science and could reach the outer solar system. It covers magnetic insulation, ignition by proton beams, a Super Marx generator and conjectured chemical superexplosives. It does not discuss any UFO sightings.

From the source: Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 3/11/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD examines advanced nuclear propulsion for crewed deep-space travel and argues that human missions beyond the Moon would require propulsion systems with both very high thrust and very high specific impulse, which the author contends are difficult to achieve with conventional chemical, nuclear-thermal, and nuclear-electric systems. The report focuses on concepts derived from Project Orion, the discontinued General Atomics nuclear pulse propulsion study sponsored first by ARPA and later by the U.S. Air Force between 1958 and 1965, in which a spacecraft would be driven by repeated nuclear explosions. In this case, the DIRD emphasizes small non-fission-triggered fusion explosions using deuterium, magnetic mirrors, and other unconventional ignition concepts intended to avoid the inefficiencies associated with small fission devices. It presents these ideas as a possible pathway to crewed missions across the solar system, while also linking them to broader visions of long-range human expansion into space. The document is exploratory in character and depends on several unproven ignition methods, enabling technologies, and engineering assumptions. Overall, it is a theoretical examination of fusion-based pulse propulsion concepts rather than as a documentary account of a technology nearing practical realization.

UNCLASSIFIED/ /POil Offl@IAL YSE &P•tlf
Assuming the spacecraft reaches a velocity of v = 100 km/s = 107 emfs, the velocity
needed for fast interplanetary travel, one has !),,Af = 108 g, requiring N = D.M/ m0 =104 1-
kiloton fusion bombs, releasing the energy E h = 5 x 1019 x 104 = 5 x 1023 erg. By
comparison, the kinetic energy of the spacecraft E,. = (1/2)M0 v 2 = 5 x 10 22 erg is 10
times less. In reality it is still smaller, because a large fraction of the energy released
by the bomb explosions is dissipated into space.
One can summarize these estimates by concluding that a very large number of nuclear
explosions are needed, which for fission explosions, as well as for deuterium-tritium
explosions, would become very expensive. This strongly favors deuterium, which is
more difficult to ignite than a mixture of deuterium with tritium but is abundantly
available. The following text tries to show how bomb propulsion solely with deuterium
might be possible.
The Nonfission Ignition of Small Deuterium Nuclear
Explosives
With no deuterium-tritium (DT) microexplosions yet ignited, the nonfission ignition of
pure deuterium (DD) fusion explosions seems to be a tall order. An indirect way to
reach this goal is by staging a smaller DT explosion with a larger DD explosion. There
the driver energy, but not the driver, may be rather small. A direct way requires a
driver with order of magnitude larger energies.
The generation of GeV potential wells, made possible with magnetic insulation of
conductors levitated in ultrahigh vacuum (in a laboratory on Earth), has the potential to
lead to order of magnitude larger driver energies (Reference 1). It is the ultrahigh
vacuum of space that enables this to be achieved without levitation. Therefore, the
spacecraft, acting as a capacitor, can be charged up to GeV potentials.
If the spacecraft is charged to a positive GeV potential, a gigajoule intense relativistic
ion beam below the Alfven current limit can be released from the spacecraft and
directed to the deuterium explosive for its ignition. If the current needed for ignition is
below the Alfven limit for ions, the beam is "stiff." The critical Alfven current for protons
is I A =3.1 x 107 ,By [A], where j3 = vI c , r = (1 - /32 t'12 , with v the proton velocity and c the
velocity of light. For GeV protons, I A is well in excess of the critical current (Reference
15) to entrap the DD fusion reaction products, the condition for detonation (Reference
13).
In a possible bomb configuration shown in Figure 2, the liquid (or solid) D explosive has
the shape of a long cylinder, placed inside a cylindrical "hohlraum" h. A GeV proton
beam I coming from the left, in entering the hohlraum, dissipates part of its energy into
a burst of X-rays compressing and igniting the D bomb-cylinder. With its gigajoule
energy lasting less than 10-7 seconds, the beam power is greater than 1016 watts,
sufficiently large to ignite the D explosive. The main portion of the beam energy is
focused by the cone onto the deuterium rod, igniting at its end a detonation wave.
UNCLASSIFIED/ /FOR 8FFI&I.t.k Y&li &P•tY
13

Not linked to a story yet.

About this file

Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 37 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.