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AAWSAP DIRD, Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion, March 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-03-10 · 72 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document, dated 10 March 2010, was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program. It surveys the basics, experimental status, theory and possible uses of inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion, with emphasis on work at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. It covers neutron sources, explosives detection and space propulsion. It ends by proposing a 12-gun hydrogen plasma experiment meant to show breakeven conditions for p-11B fuel.

From the source:Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 3/10/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD surveys inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion, a relatively unconventional fusion concept that uses electric fields rather than the more established magnetic or laser-based approaches to confine ions, and it reviews both the underlying physics and the experimental work associated with the concept. The report emphasizes that IEC may have nearer-term value as a compact neutron, proton, or x-ray source and as a platform for studying experimental fusion approaches, while also presenting more ambitious possibilities such as aneutronic power generation and propulsion applications. At the same time, it makes clear that the concept remained far from practical fusion power, with experimental devices operating several orders of magnitude below breakeven and with major unresolved issues involving confinement, losses, grid damage, and scale-up. Overall, the document treats IEC as a technically interesting but still highly speculative path toward fusion energy, while suggesting that its more limited spin-off applications were more plausible in the near term than its long-range power generation or propulsion applications.

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The corresponding ion density profile, shown in Figure 4.8, has a high value inside the
virtual cathode (center core plasma) and also a peak in front of the grid (real cathode).
Radius [m) Radius [ml
Figure 4.7. The Double Well Potential Calculated With Figure 4.8. Ion Density Profile for Potential
IXL Code for d1Jperp, i=14keV, I 1= SSA, I e= S9A Well Shown in Figure 4.7
An important new insight obtained in
the study revea led that these potential
profiles create ion density distribution
functions completely different from the
ones observed when a single well
electrostatic potential exists. Two ion
density peaks were commonly observed
- one in the central IEC core region, and
one near the cathode wire grid as seen
in Figure 4.8. In th is manner, the single
ion peak created by the single well
potential is split into two peaks. The
central ion peak has a much sma ller
radius than the original peak. This
causes higher ion densities to occur in
20 30 40 so
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60 70
Figure 4.9. The D-D Fusion Reaction Rate Versus
the central potential well, which is Cathode Current for dEperp, 1 =8 keV
essential for the achievement of high
fusion rates. However, since the fusion core rad ius iin these calculations is very sma ll -
on the order of 0.4 cm - 0 .9 cm, the total number of neutrons emitted per second is too
low to create useful fusion power (see Figure 4.9). Still, the physics principles
Illustrated provide important insight into injection issues.
A reduced angular momentum spread and higher injection energies would be required
to correct the well volume problem. Sti ll , the 0 - 0 fusion rate scaling of 15 is
encouraging, and it is indeed surprising that this large angular momentum spread
achieves such distinct double well structures. As stated in Section I, the current scaling
for beam -beam reactions is strictly 12. However, as shown by Tzonev et al., nonlinear
changes in the potential well shape and ion density profile combine to cause the higher
power current scaling law. It would be anticipated, however, that this effect would
saturate at some current, tending back to the fundamental I2 relation. Along these
lines, it should be noted that prior investigators also predicted scaling laws with
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 72 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.