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AAWSAP DIRD, Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion, March 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-03-10 · 72 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document, dated 10 March 2010, was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program. It surveys the basics, experimental status, theory and possible uses of inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion, with emphasis on work at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. It covers neutron sources, explosives detection and space propulsion. It ends by proposing a 12-gun hydrogen plasma experiment meant to show breakeven conditions for p-11B fuel.

From the source:Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 3/10/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD surveys inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion, a relatively unconventional fusion concept that uses electric fields rather than the more established magnetic or laser-based approaches to confine ions, and it reviews both the underlying physics and the experimental work associated with the concept. The report emphasizes that IEC may have nearer-term value as a compact neutron, proton, or x-ray source and as a platform for studying experimental fusion approaches, while also presenting more ambitious possibilities such as aneutronic power generation and propulsion applications. At the same time, it makes clear that the concept remained far from practical fusion power, with experimental devices operating several orders of magnitude below breakeven and with major unresolved issues involving confinement, losses, grid damage, and scale-up. Overall, the document treats IEC as a technically interesting but still highly speculative path toward fusion energy, while suggesting that its more limited spin-off applications were more plausible in the near term than its long-range power generation or propulsion applications.

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3.13 J. Khachan, A. Samarian, "Dust diagnostics on an inertial electrostatic
confinement discharge", Phys. Letters A, vol. 363, no. 4 (2007) pp . 297-301.
3.14 L. Blackhall, J. Khachan, "A simple electric thruster based on ion charge
exchange", vol. 40, No. 8, (2007) pp. 2491-2494.
Section IV. IEC Theory
Early basic IEC theory was briefly e emitter
Onion-shaped B -W0 kVdescribed in Section I. Section IV will conductornow turn to some more recent studies
starting with an early study by Bill ov
Nevins (Reference 4.1) that has caused
concern in the community about the
suitability of the IEC for a fusion power
reactor. Nevins did a semi analytic
analysis where IEC systems are
predicated including a non -equ ilibrium
ion distribution function. Coulomb
collisions between ions cause this
distribution to relax to a Maxwellian on
the ion-ion collisional time scale. His
analysis suggests that the input power
required to prevent th is relaxation, thus Reflector
maintaining the IEC configuration for
times beyond the ion-ion collisional time -Wo kV· few V
scale, is greater than the fusion power Figure 4.1 . Cross Section of the Experimental Layout
of the PFX-1 Experiment. The emitter -electron source,produced. Thus, he concluded that IEC onion-shaped anode and refl ector form an axial
systems show little promise for the electrostatic well for electron axial confinement. Rad ial
development of commercial electric confinement is provided by the axi al magnetic field. The
reflector is biased slightly more negative than the emitterpower plants. Nevin's analysis appears to avoid electron losses to the refl ector.
to be very thorough, however, as
discussed next, it suffers from severa l
key, but subtle assumptions that may force the pessimistic results.
Later, to further explore issues raised by Nevins, Lu is Chacon, doing his thesis with G.
Miley, decided to use a Fokker Plank model for analysis of the IEC so that some of the
questionable assumptions used by Nevins could be relaxed. This study, presented in
Reference 4.2, specifically dealt with a Penning-type IEC due to interest in the Penning
trap experiment at LANL. The experimental device, PFX-I is illustrated in Figure 4.2
while the reactor-like configuration modeled by Chacon is shown in Figure 4.2. It should
be stressed however, that the conclusions still apply in principle to the ion injected IEC
since the issues involve the potential well trapping common to both. The Penning trap
and the ion injected devices differ in how the well is formed and stabilized, but the
physics of trapped plasma confinement is the same. Namely, the time scale for
collisional degradation of the beam-like ion distribution function is crucial since short
times (as the fusion time) would prevent a power reactor. Nevins addressed this issue
by calculating collisional relaxation rates from a beam-like, monoenergetic ion
population, absolutely confined in a square potential well. From his analysis, Nevins
concluded that the IEC will thermalize and lose ion focusing before enough fusion
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34

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