Documents / Official release

AAWSAP DIRD, Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion, March 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-03-10 · 72 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document, dated 10 March 2010, was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program. It surveys the basics, experimental status, theory and possible uses of inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion, with emphasis on work at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. It covers neutron sources, explosives detection and space propulsion. It ends by proposing a 12-gun hydrogen plasma experiment meant to show breakeven conditions for p-11B fuel.

From the source:Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 3/10/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD surveys inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion, a relatively unconventional fusion concept that uses electric fields rather than the more established magnetic or laser-based approaches to confine ions, and it reviews both the underlying physics and the experimental work associated with the concept. The report emphasizes that IEC may have nearer-term value as a compact neutron, proton, or x-ray source and as a platform for studying experimental fusion approaches, while also presenting more ambitious possibilities such as aneutronic power generation and propulsion applications. At the same time, it makes clear that the concept remained far from practical fusion power, with experimental devices operating several orders of magnitude below breakeven and with major unresolved issues involving confinement, losses, grid damage, and scale-up. Overall, the document treats IEC as a technically interesting but still highly speculative path toward fusion energy, while suggesting that its more limited spin-off applications were more plausible in the near term than its long-range power generation or propulsion applications.

  • p. 5 …24 Grid and Two Jet Grids ....................................................................... 27 Figure 3.4. Dipole Reactor Propulsion Scheme ..................................................... 29 Figure…
  • p. 30 …a second jet offset 180 degrees from the propulsive one. The second jet would serve the…
  • p. 31 …or "plasma jet") at that location. Such operation has been routinely obtained in laboratory IEC devices…
  • p. 39 …Note that this concept, while having some similarities, differs in some details from Miley's jet…
UNCLASSIFIED/ /FOA OFFI&IAk WSE 8Ptklf
intense quasi-neutral ion jet. The configuration, low gas leakage, and good heat
removal make it possible to scale the design to either low powers or high powers,
covering a range of interest for present small satellites on to future medium and large
satellites. In addition to maneuverable thrusting, the jet channel extraction technique
enables directing and focusing the plasma stream down on an asteroid or other object
for interrogation of it. Analysis of the plasma emission spectra would provide an
identification of the materials and surface features of the object. With further
development the IEC system potentially offers an att ractive fusion power source.
Another advantage of the IEC jet thruster is that it provides a step towards a future p-
11B IEC power source and/or thruster for satellite operations. This possibility is also
briefly discussed here.
Relation to Other Prior Thrusters
NASA and other laboratories have worked toward developing advanced Hall Thrusters
for future satellite applications. Such thrusters, however, do not scale well to lower
powers for small satell ites, nor are exhaust plasma modifications possible to provide
fast maneuverability. The IEC-jet thruster appears uniquely able to address both issues.
Conventional plasma thrusters such as the Hall thruster have undergone much more
experimental study than the IEC-jet thruster. However, the simplicity of t he IEC-Jet
thruster design and its thermal scalability makes it feasible to quickly develop and test,
making the lack of data base less of a liability.
In the jet thruster concept the plasma target at the center of the chamber, created by
the intersection of the multiple ion beams, serves to deflect ions into the escaping jet
plasma. The resulting virtual anode, in combination with curved potential lines created
by t he cathode grid diverts ions, forming a strong plasma jet. This is channeled out
through an enlarged hole and guide structure in the grid (Figure 3.2). This design
promises a good efficiency and thrust while providing a low weight, and due to the very
open accelerator grid structure, a very long lifetime. Thus it provides a good thruster
for basic satellite operations and with the added jet co ntro l/focusing also provides
maneuverability.
In addition the IEC jet offers two added features that increase its potential effectiveness
for probing various space objects. The fact that the IEC jet can be controlled to form
over multiple areas around the sphere would allow tlhe platform to maneuver itself close
to a target and then simply open a second jet offset 180 degrees from the propulsive
one. The second jet would serve the integration purpose of the platform without having
to expend time or additional resources such as fuel to reorient itself to direct t he plume
at the target. Other current systems, such as Hall thrusters, would first have to position
itself close to the target, and then reorient such that the exhaust plume is properly
oriented. Thus, the IEC jet thruster would not be subject to expending the resources of
time and fuel that other platforms require. Another option for the IEC jet thruster is to
operate as a pu lsed device. This becomes especially important when considering how
long it may take to disable a defensive target (the platform's impulse time to disable).
The use of an intense pulsed jet could disable the target before it has time to maneuver
or apply defensive layers. As discussed later, the basic IEC has been operated
experimentally in a pulsed mode using a capacitive power unit. However, to date,
formation of the jet has only been studied under steady-state operation.
UNCLASSIFIED/ /FOA OFFI&IAk WSE 8PtLY
23

Not linked to a story yet.

About this file

Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 72 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.