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AAWSAP DIRD, Biomaterials, January 2010

U.S. Department of War · 2010-01-07 · 32 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document, dated 7 January 2010, was prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Defense Warning Office. It is one of a series of advanced technology reports produced in FY 2009 under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications program. The report reviews biomaterials used in medicine, including silicones, Teflon, biodegradable polymers, hydrogels, titanium, ceramics and tissue constructs, and applications such as stents, joints, contact lenses, drug delivery and dialysis. It concludes that most innovation lies in new ways to apply existing materials.

From the source: Release of 2026-09-18 Incident: 1/7/10, Las Vegas, Nevada. Released with redactions. This document is a Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIRD), a technical reference format used by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to capture baseline knowledge on a specific topic for later analytic use. DIRDs are best understood as reference and synthesis products rather than as original research. It is one of 38 DIRDs produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) between 2009 and 2011. Because AAWSAP’s scope permitted a broad range of supporting topics, not every DIRD in the series directly concerns aerospace systems or future threat assessment. The following summary reflects the DIRD’s scope and framing at the time of writing and should not be read as implying current validation of the concepts discussed. This DIRD is a broad survey of biomaterials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, glasses, and composites designed to interact with living tissue, and argues that their value depends mainly on biocompatibility, reliability, and careful matching of material properties to specific medical uses. The report reviews major application areas including biosensors, implants, cardiovascular devices, contact lenses, drug delivery systems, tissue constructs, titanium devices, and dialysis membranes, emphasizing that no single biomaterial works best in every setting. Its overall conclusion is that biomaterials are already foundational to a large medical-device industry and save or improve millions of lives, but that progress tends to be slow because safety testing is stringent; as a result, most advances come from improved ways of applying established materials such as silicone, Teflon, biodegradable polymers, ceramics, and titanium in new devices and clinical settings rather than from radically new substances.

UNCLASSIFIED// FOR OFFICIAL t:191!! 9HL\I
PLA, or polylactide, is a thermoplastic,
long-chained organic material derived
from renewable resources, such as
corn starch (in the United States) or
sugarcanes (in the rest of the world).
PLA has been recognized for more
than a century and is of commercial
interest primarily because of its
biomedical applications. Figure 11
shows the chemical structure of PLA.
These materials are popular because
they have already been used in many
approved medical implant devices and
have been shown to be safe, nontoxic,
and biocompatible. They have been
used in the development of several
commercially available medical
products, including sutures, tissue
screws and tacks, guided tissue-regeneration membranes for dentistry, internal bone
fixation devices, microspheres for implantable drug delivery systems, and meniscus and
Figure 11. Structure of Polylactic Acid (a
Biodegradable Polymer)
cartilage repair systems.
These polymers can potentially be
used in the design of vascular and
urological stents and skin substitutes.
This is possible through the
manipulation of the polymer
characteristics of these materials,
such as their three-dimensional
architecture, their mechanical and
structural integrity, and their
biodegradability. The materials can
also be used as scaffolds for tissue
engineering and for tissue
reconstruction.
A medical application of these
materials in thin-sheet form is their
placement as a thin barrier layer that
prevents entry of debris into wounds
and as an underlayer to the skin and
body tissue. Figure 12 is an artist's
conception of a layer of PLA polymer
being placed over the heart after
open-heart surgery.
The Clear Choice
Protection in case there is a re-operation...
Figure 12. Biodegradable PLA as an Antiadhesion
Barrier after Open-Heart Surgery
The PLA sheet acts as a barrier and spacer to prevent the healing heart wall from
growing an attachment to the chest wall and from forming adhesions onto the overlying
UNCLASSIFIED/ /EAR AEFICIOP I155 CNP X
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Official release, from the pursue collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 32 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.