Documents / FOIA release
roswell
Office of the Secretary of Defense · 993 pages · text from the file's own layer
The Roswell Report: Fact versus Fiction in the New Mexico Desert was published in 1995 by Headquarters United States Air Force. It was written in response to Representative Steven H. Schiff's request and a General Accounting Office audit, and it contains Col. Richard L. Weaver's report and 1st Lt. James McAndrew's synopsis, along with attachments, appendices and photographs. The report says researchers found no evidence of an extraterrestrial craft or crew. It concludes that the 1947 debris came from a Project MOGUL balloon train.
“Gross”26 pages
- p. 143 …Robert Gross ar.d 't!r. Jlaher of Lockheed
11~ 55 A.'.!. Gen. Sam Anderson
12…
- p. 481 …Balloon Volume x Gas Lift
Gross Load ·
It may be noted from this equation that a…
- p. 482 …Balloon Volume x 24.4
Gross Load
K
=-w
K _ 08.o475Z
In turn, w-in…
- p. 483 …free lift in pounds
and G is gross lift in pounds.
Although this equation was derived…
- p. 488 …By equation
{10), with a gross load of 52 kg., the unbalance caused by loss
of…
- p. 500 …or a gross
buoyancy of 450 lb. • the maximum allowable infle.tion of a 30'
diameter…
- p. 569 …accelerating
force equal to 5% of the gross load (52 kg) was acting to bring the…
- p. 643 …000 feet.
In one step, this becomes:
Gross Lift/Balloon = (Balloon Volume) x (Difference in molecular…
- p. 650 (Approximate)
where G • gross load
A chart, Figure 24, has beendrawn up, based on this equation…
- p. 652 …G = loss of lift
G =gross load (balloon weight plus
equipment load)
AT : mean temperature difference…
- p. 653 …not including balloon or its integral
parts.
Gross load: Load on the gas at release (Balloon…
- p. 726 …Ballast • • .. • • '" •
Total Equipment l~eight. • • • • '
Gross Load • • ' • • • •
{56)
- p. 727 …Balloon volwne x gas litt/mol
gross load
cu. ft.
-----------------NAximum Altitude • • • ft, m.s.l…
- p. 741 …altitude deter-
mined by the displacement and gross load.
7. Control systems
Two systems of control…
- p. 777 …By adjusting th~ gross load to be
supported by the gas to equal the total lift…
- p. 787 …Computations
A chart showi~ the relation between altitude, gross lift, and
balloon size has been found…
- p. 883 …The gross load reported should be
accurate to the nearest 200 grams. The amount of lifting…
- p. 885 …A L L 0 0 N
7300 ,, GRoss LoAD
Fl G. 17
NYU BALLOON pROJECT I…
- p. 887 …bubble length and resultant inflated volume,
using gross lift as an expression of volume. It will…
- p. 889 …in Appendix II summarizes the relationship between gross
load and floating level for balloons of several…
- p. 925 …A can of sand
is made to weigh the same amount as the required gross lift…
- p. 933 …the balloon with the equipment
load attached.
Gross Lift: Lift of all of the gas in…
- p. 938 …description.______________
Drag chute ----------------------------
Banner description --------------- ----------
Ballast assembly - description -----------~--
Ballast • • • • • •
Total Equipment i'ieight • • ' • • • • • •
Gross Load • • • • • • • • • • •
-86-
- p. 939 …wnitin_,g________ grams
Actual balloon lift • • • • • • • • ". . .•
II
AActunl gross lift (Balloon lift & balloon wt.) •
Number Helium…
- p. 943 …Gross Lift vs. Bubble Length • • • • • • .107
Graph 3: Buoyancy vs. Altitude • • • • • • • • • .108
Graph 4: Gross Load…
- p. 955 …BALLOOO DA 'fA
General Mills Actual Balloon Estimated Gross Altitude
~ominal Diiameter Volwne Weight Load Limit…
the pressure distribution of the liftinc gas and the internal
back pressure due to valving gas. To find maximum rates of
ascent for various balloons would necessitate a complicated
series of trial and error solution. In general, it has been
more practical to determine a maximum rate of rise for nor.mal
operating conditions for any given size balloon by findin~ the
maximum allowable rate for the balloon rising to its lowest
normal operating level (i.e., we will find the maximum all0?18ble
rate for the worst normal operating conditions and consider
it a maximum for all normal operating conditions.)
Let us take the case of a 20-foot diameter polyethylene balloon
of .001~ thickness. Lowest normal floating altitude is 20,000 ft.
MSL. Let us assume that the balloon will be full and begin
valvinf gas at 15,000 ft. MSL. Assume the appendix diameter
to be 2 foot. Using equation (1) to find maximum allowable
internal pressure and assuming the critical x-y plane to be that
of maximum diameter A~ = D/2 , we have:
A Pall. = 4 SJt = 4(900/2)· .001 = . 007 5 psi
t2· 20
(Here we have introduced a factor of safety by saying Sf =900/2
instead of 900 psi, the ultimate strength in tension of poly-
ethylene.) Pressure distribution:
A.p 012 = A~ :l (I-B) = l-2°·3.38 ·10-4 • .862 = .00291 psi
Allowable back pressure:
A Pbp =Ap 011 - AP012 = .0046 psi
Maximum rate of rise using equation (13)J
( 2780° C A \ fttsecv d a}
= 100.7 ft/sec
= 6000 ft /min
It is evident from this calculation that the rate of rise of the
20-ft. diameter polyethylene balloon is not a critical factor
in bursting unless the open appendix becomes snarled an~ gas is
not allowed to escape.
Rate of rise and appendix openings are important from the stand-
point of balloon design. For operationel reasons it is important
to have a rapid rate of rise. In order to make most efficient
use .of weight, the balloon film should be thin. As mentioned
-55-
About this file
FOIA release, from the osd collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 993 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.