Documents / FOIA release
roswell
Office of the Secretary of Defense · 993 pages · text from the file's own layer
The Roswell Report: Fact versus Fiction in the New Mexico Desert was published in 1995 by Headquarters United States Air Force. It was written in response to Representative Steven H. Schiff's request and a General Accounting Office audit, and it contains Col. Richard L. Weaver's report and 1st Lt. James McAndrew's synopsis, along with attachments, appendices and photographs. The report says researchers found no evidence of an extraterrestrial craft or crew. It concludes that the 1947 debris came from a Project MOGUL balloon train.
“Gross”26 pages
- p. 143 …Robert Gross ar.d 't!r. Jlaher of Lockheed
11~ 55 A.'.!. Gen. Sam Anderson
12…
- p. 481 …Balloon Volume x Gas Lift
Gross Load ·
It may be noted from this equation that a…
- p. 482 …Balloon Volume x 24.4
Gross Load
K
=-w
K _ 08.o475Z
In turn, w-in…
- p. 483 …free lift in pounds
and G is gross lift in pounds.
Although this equation was derived…
- p. 488 …By equation
{10), with a gross load of 52 kg., the unbalance caused by loss
of…
- p. 500 …or a gross
buoyancy of 450 lb. • the maximum allowable infle.tion of a 30'
diameter…
- p. 569 …accelerating
force equal to 5% of the gross load (52 kg) was acting to bring the…
- p. 643 …000 feet.
In one step, this becomes:
Gross Lift/Balloon = (Balloon Volume) x (Difference in molecular…
- p. 650 (Approximate)
where G • gross load
A chart, Figure 24, has beendrawn up, based on this equation…
- p. 652 …G = loss of lift
G =gross load (balloon weight plus
equipment load)
AT : mean temperature difference…
- p. 653 …not including balloon or its integral
parts.
Gross load: Load on the gas at release (Balloon…
- p. 726 …Ballast • • .. • • '" •
Total Equipment l~eight. • • • • '
Gross Load • • ' • • • •
{56)
- p. 727 …Balloon volwne x gas litt/mol
gross load
cu. ft.
-----------------NAximum Altitude • • • ft, m.s.l…
- p. 741 …altitude deter-
mined by the displacement and gross load.
7. Control systems
Two systems of control…
- p. 777 …By adjusting th~ gross load to be
supported by the gas to equal the total lift…
- p. 787 …Computations
A chart showi~ the relation between altitude, gross lift, and
balloon size has been found…
- p. 883 …The gross load reported should be
accurate to the nearest 200 grams. The amount of lifting…
- p. 885 …A L L 0 0 N
7300 ,, GRoss LoAD
Fl G. 17
NYU BALLOON pROJECT I…
- p. 887 …bubble length and resultant inflated volume,
using gross lift as an expression of volume. It will…
- p. 889 …in Appendix II summarizes the relationship between gross
load and floating level for balloons of several…
- p. 925 …A can of sand
is made to weigh the same amount as the required gross lift…
- p. 933 …the balloon with the equipment
load attached.
Gross Lift: Lift of all of the gas in…
- p. 938 …description.______________
Drag chute ----------------------------
Banner description --------------- ----------
Ballast assembly - description -----------~--
Ballast • • • • • •
Total Equipment i'ieight • • ' • • • • • •
Gross Load • • • • • • • • • • •
-86-
- p. 939 …wnitin_,g________ grams
Actual balloon lift • • • • • • • • ". . .•
II
AActunl gross lift (Balloon lift & balloon wt.) •
Number Helium…
- p. 943 …Gross Lift vs. Bubble Length • • • • • • .107
Graph 3: Buoyancy vs. Altitude • • • • • • • • • .108
Graph 4: Gross Load…
- p. 955 …BALLOOO DA 'fA
General Mills Actual Balloon Estimated Gross Altitude
~ominal Diiameter Volwne Weight Load Limit…
This relationship between loss of lift end loss of superheat is
substantiated by analysis of Flight 94. From the rate of descent
the unbalance {~sing the equation of Clerke and Korff, see page 3.3 )
is in the neighborhood of 5 kilograms. Although there 'WJI.S no
temperature measurement on this flight, a previous flight of
this type indicated a superheat of approximately 400C. By equation
{10), with a gross load of 52 kg., the unbalance caused by loss
of all of this superheat would be 9.7 kg. It is believed thet
ventilation past the balloon during a low velocity descent before
operation of the ballast mechanism caused loss of superheat. Since
this loss caused greater descent, and thus more ventilation, super-
heat was lost. An enormous rete of ballast flow would have been
required to check descent.
D. Adiabatic Lapse Rate
One of the causes of temperature difference between the lifting gas
and free air during rise or descent of balloon systems is the
difference in lapse rates of eir end the lifting gas. The adiabatic
lepse rate is that temperature change caused by adiabatic ex-
pansion or compression of a gas during ascent or descent through a
given vertice.l distance. The actual lapse rate of the lifting gas
is the adiabatic lapse rate plus the effects of conduction and
radiation. The adiabatic lapse rate is defined as:
{1)
where:
LR = -¥p
A = 2.39 x 108 col I erg
Cp = specific heat at constant pressure
g = acceleration caused by gravity
In the met-ric system for helium, ( Cp = 1.25 0 ~'~m ) '
LR • 980 X 2.39 X 10-s
-- 1.2! =
or:
The e.diebatic lapse rete for e ir, ( Cp = 0.239 col ) :
OC/gm
LR = 980 • 2.39 • 10·3 _ 9_8 oct km
0.239 =or:
LR = - 2.98oC/IOOO ft
-38- About this file
FOIA release, from the osd collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 993 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.