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Synopsis: Analysis of a Metallic Specimen8 Conclusion AARO secured ORNL to independently assess the requirements necessary to confirm or contest public claims that this historical specimen is of non-terrestrial origin and that it is capable of functioning as a bismuth-based terahertz waveguide. Although the origin, chain of custody, and ultimate purpose of this specimen remain unclear, a modern and robust analysis of its chemical and structural composition and properties does not indicate that its origin is non-terrestrial, nor do the data indicate that the material examined ever had the pure single-crystalline bismuth layer that could possibly have acted as a terahertz waveguide. The intended or actual past use of the material remains undetermined, but ORNL has a high level of confidence that all data indicate the material was manufactured terrestrially—albeit using an uncommon mixture of elements by today’s standards—and then incurred damage caused by mechanical and heat stressors. References 1. Akram, W.; Schönbächler, M., Zirconium isotope constraints on the composition of Theia and current Moon- forming theories. Earth Planet Sc Lett 2016, 449, 302-310. 2. Albarede, F.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Gentelli, L.; Milot, J.; Vaxevanopoulos, M.; Klein, S.; Westner, K.; Birch, T.; Davis, G.; de Callataÿ, F., A miner’s perspective on Pb isotope provenances in the Western and Central Mediterranean. J Archaeol Sci 2020, 121. 3. Blichert-Toft, J.; Zanda, B.; Ebel, D. S.; Albarède, F., The Solar System primordial lead. Earth Planet Sc Lett 2010, 300 (1-2), 152-163. 4. Budde, G.; Tissot, F. L. H.; Kleine, T.; Marquez, R. T., Spurious molybdenum isotope anomalies resulting from non-exponential mass fractionation. Geochemistry-Germany 2023, 83 (3). 5. Catanzaro, E. J.; Murphy, T. J.; Shields, W. R.; Garner, E. L., Absolute Isotopic Abundance Ratios of Common Equal-Atom and Radiogenic Lead Isotopic Standards. J Res Nbs a Phys Ch 1968, A 72 (3), 261-+. 6. Chakrabarti, R.; Jacobsen, S. B., The isotopic composition of magnesium in the inner Solar System. Earth Planet Sc Lett 2010, 293 (3-4), 349-358. 7. Connelly, J. N.; Bizzarro, M.; Thrane, K.; Baker, J. A., The pb-pb age of angrite SAH99555 revisited. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 2008, 72 (19), 4813-4824. 8. de Vega, C. G.; Chernonozhkin, S. M.; Grigoryan, R.; Costas-Rodríguez, M.; Vanhaecke, F., Characterization of the new isotopic reference materials IRMM-524A and ERM-AE143 for Fe and Mg isotopic analysis of geological and biological samples. J Anal Atom Spectrom 2020, 35 (11), 2517-2529. 9. Fouquet, Y.; Marcoux, E., Lead-Isotope Systematics in Pacific Hydrothermal Sulfide Deposits. J Geophys Res- Sol Ea 1995, 100 (B4), 6025-6040. 10. Gyngard, K. M. H. a. F., The Presolar Grain Database. In 40th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 2009. 11. Higgins, J. A.; Schrag, D. P., Records of Neogene seawater chemistry and diagenesis in deep-sea carbonate sediments and pore fluids. Earth Planet Sc Lett 2012, 357, 386-396. 12. Hoppe, P.; Leitner, J.; Kodolányi, J.; Vollmer, C., Isotope Systematics of Presolar Silicate Grains: New Insights from Magnesium and Silicon. Astrophys J 2021, 913 (1). 13. Hulston, J. R.; Thode, H. G., Variations in S33 S34 and S36 Contents of Meteorites and Their Relation to Chemical and Nuclear Effects. J Geophys Res 1965, 70 (14), 3475-+. 14. Kammerer, C. C.; Kulkarni, N. S.; Warmack, R. J.; Sohn, Y. H., Interdiffusion and impurity diffusion in polycrystalline Mg solid solution with Al or Zn. J Alloy Compd 2014, 617, 968-974. 15. Karl K. Turekian, H. D. H., Presolar Grains. In Treatise on Geochemistry, 2 ed.; 2013. 16. Kodolányi, J.; Hoppe, P.; Gröner, E.; Pauly, C.; Mücklich, F., The Mg isotope composition of presolar silicate grains from red giant stars. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 2014, 140, 577-605. 17. Leitner, J.; Hoppe, P., A new population of dust from stellar explosions among meteoritic stardust. Nat Astron 2019, 3 (8), 725-729. 18. Leonid V. Alekseyev, V. A. P., and Evgenii E. Narimanov, Homogeneous Hyperbolic Systems for Terahertz and Far-Infrared Frequencies. Advances in OptoElectronics 2012, (Modern Trends in Metamaterial Applications), 6. 19. Liu, N.; Dauphas, N.; Cristallo, S.; Palmerini, S.; Busso, M., Oxygen and aluminum-magnesium isotopic
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