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Office of the Secretary of Defense: 027_Satellite_Flaring_Paper

Department of Defense. Office of the Secretary of Defense. · 2023 · 18 pages · text from the file's own layer

This information paper from the Department of Defense's All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) is dated December 2024 and was released in full in February 2025. It explains how sunlight reflecting off Starlink and other low Earth orbit satellites produces bright flares and satellite trains that observers can mistake for UAP. It gives step-by-step methods for predicting flare windows from the ground and from aircraft. It concludes that lights reported by an airline pilot near Gallup, New Mexico, in October 2022 were very likely satellite flares.

  • p. 1 …2 Altitude for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) ranges from 300km to 2,000km.027Page determined to…
  • p. 5 …During this phase, the satellites navigate from their initial low orbit to their final orbital altitude…
  • p. 17 …Acronyms Acronym Definition AARO All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office LEO Low Earth Orbit LOS Line of…
  • p. 18 …Boley, "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," Scientific…
All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO)
6
that discuss how to the predict the azimuth and elevation angles of satellite flares to assist a ground-
based observer. The key to performing this prediction is to understand the position of the sun
relative to the satellite and the observer.
Figure 7: Image of Starlink flare taken by AARO personnel before sunrise on March 11, 2024
near Sidney, NE. Image was taken using a 10 second exposure time which led to the Starlink
flare appearing as a streak instead of a point source. [7]
Figure 8: Image of multiple Starlink flares taken by AARO personnel before sunrise on March
11, 2024 near Sidney, NE. Image was taken using a 10 second exposure time which led to the
Starlink flares appearing as streaks instead of point sources. [7]
The Sun’s position in the sky can be described using two measurements: (i) the Sun’s altitude
angle, and (ii) the Sun’s azimuth angle. The Sun’s altitude, or solar altitude, is the angle between027Page determined to be Unclassified
Reviewed by Chief of Staff, AARO
IAW FY24 NDAA, Section 1841(a)(1)(C)
Date: 2/14/2025

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Official release, from the nara collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 18 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.