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This Defense Intelligence Reference Document from the Defense Intelligence Agency is dated 2 April 2010 and was produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It is one of a series of advanced technology reports from FY 2009. It reviews general relativistic warp drives, the cosmological constant, Casimir energy and extra space dimensions. It proposes that dark energy may come from higher dimensions and that controlling those dimensions could one day make a warp drive possible.
UNCLASSIFIED/ /,FOR QSFICI0k Wli& QJJk>J mechanism is it that allows for this higher space to remain compact and stable? Of the handful of theories that attempt to answer this problem, one is particularly appealing due to its naturalness. A recurring theme throughout this paper is Casimir energy. This energy is compelling due to the fact that it is a natural feature intrinsic to the fabric of space itself. Casimir energy in higher dimensions not only offers the promise of explaining the nature of dark energy, as discussed in previous sections, but can also be utilized as a mechanism to stabilize the compact extra dimension. We have discovered in our research that with a natural combination of fields, and a single exotic component, we are able to generate a stable extra dimension (Reference 51, 53). The way to understand this is as follows: as mentioned earlier, each field in nature contributes a component to the ground state of the vacuum (that is, the state of minimum energy of space) due to the virtual particle contributions. When this energy is calculated for the case of three large and one compact spatial dimension, one discovers that this energy is a strong function of the size of the 5th dimension. In our research, we summed the contributions from all the known fields in nature using extensions of Equation (6.5). We discovered that with the addition of one additional exotic field confined to exist in only the 5th dimension, a stable higher dimensional configuration was found. Our motivations for the addition of extra exotic fields have a strong phenomenological foundation, and these exotic fields been studied successfully in the context of explaining solar neutrino oscillations (Reference 54-56). A full discussion, however, is beyond the scope of this paper. To understand what is meant by a stable higher dimensional configuration we refer to Figure 7, which is a plot illustrating the vacuum energy density as a function of higher dimensional radius. The x-axis represents the radius of the higher dimension and the y-axis the energy density of spacetime. 18 We have shown the contributions to the energy density coming from the different fields of the Standard Model, and also the additional exotic field. The overall energy density is illustrated as a thick black line. The most important feature of this graph is the mathematical minimum. A good physical analogy here is to imagine releasing a ball from the far left of the black line: the ball would roll down the line and become stuck in the minimum. The ball becoming stuck in this minimum is an excellent analogy to the dynamics of the higher dimension, which begins at some unstable state, but evolves into a stable configuration. 18 we work in "normalized" units. 18 UNCLASSIFIED/ ,'Fllft IIFFIOIAI! 1!19! IIP11!¥
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