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This Defense Intelligence Reference Document from the Defense Intelligence Agency, dated 1 November 2010, was one of a series of advanced technology reports produced in FY 2010 under the Advanced Aerospace Weapons System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It reviews ultracapacitors as energy and power storage devices. It covers how they work, their materials, their commercial and military uses, and new developments such as carbon nanotubes, thin films and magnetic capacitors. It concludes that the U.S. government must understand and adopt advanced ultracapacitors.
“The Advance”13 pages
UNCLASSIFIED/ ,'1"1!11'- l!ll"l"ll!lllit l!l!i! 811LV Ultracapacitors as Energy and Power Storage Devices for Commercial and Military Applications Summary Ultracapacitors (ultracaps) are energy storage devices capable of extremely rapid charge and discharge rates with the ability to be cycled hundreds of thousands of times. These unique capabilities make ultracaps attractive for a number of applications. The advantages over lithium ion batteries are somewhat mitigated by the fact that they have less than 10% of the specific energy (Wh/kg) and require a power converter to regulate their voltage. The high capacitance is achieved by the enormously high surface area of the carbon electrodes compared to planar electrolytic capacitors. Ultracapacitors are commonly used to provide voltage stabilization of power converters and to supplement peak-power loading of electrical systems. Their application has expanded from electronics and telecommunications to industrial load leveling and transportation. Due to their durability, their use in aerospace has been for munitions fusing and missile power load leveling. Ultimately, application will be pulsed power storage and delivery for electric propulsion and directed- energy weapons. Recent developments in ultracapacitors have focused on different active materials and electrode designs. By using advanced carbons, polymers, and metal oxides, increased power density and energy density can be achieved. Oxide-based thin-film ultracaps have demonstrated high-performance energy and power density, approaching theoretical limits. Carbon nanotubes and advanced carbons have been used as additives to and solely as electrode materials. Nanostructured materials and thin-film manufacturing process improvements will generate breakthroughs in mass production. Magnetic capacitors are a recent development, manufactured using semiconductor processes on silicon wafers. They possess a different storage mechanism and will transform energy storage and pulsed-power applications. Ultracapacitors are reaching widespread adoption and they are now available to support electronics through transportation. New advancements in materials will enable high-energy density devices with exceptional power capabilities. iv UNCLASSIFIED//Flilll. 8FFl8111it 1!1!11! l!IHL I
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 34 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.