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Defense Intelligence Reference Document Ultracapacitors As Energy And Power Storage Devices

Defense Intelligence Agency · 34 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document from the Defense Intelligence Agency, dated 1 November 2010, was one of a series of advanced technology reports produced in FY 2010 under the Advanced Aerospace Weapons System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It reviews ultracapacitors as energy and power storage devices. It covers how they work, their materials, their commercial and military uses, and new developments such as carbon nanotubes, thin films and magnetic capacitors. It concludes that the U.S. government must understand and adopt advanced ultracapacitors.

  • p. 2 …a series of advanced technolo reports produced in FY 2010 under the Defense Intelligence Agency, (b…
  • p. 5 …The high capacitance is achieved by the enormously high surface area of the carbon electrodes compared…
  • p. 6 …Over the last 30 years, numerous advances have been made that have led to many uses…
  • p. 7 …higher voltage, in much the same manner as a battery. Recent advances in ultracapadtors have moved…
  • p. 11 …Advancements in the understanding of the electric double-layer and ultracapacitor behavior have led to better…
  • p. 14 …For these reasons, activated carbon is the traditional carbon of choice for ultracapacitor applications. Recent advances…
  • p. 15 …Graphene is another advanced carbon material that shows promise to providing increased capacitance. One of the…
  • p. 22 …Advanced carbons will provide better control over the pore size and distribution, leading to an expected…
  • p. 23 UNCLASSIFIED/ /P9Pl 8ffllilsl1k WE'lii QIU Y tuning the inner diameter may provide further enhancements. Figure…
  • p. 30 …Within the next 10 years, ultracaps will begin to see the incorporation of advanced carbon materials…
  • p. 31 …the size of an iPhone with mostly voice- activated functions. As depicted in Figure 16, advancements…
  • p. 32 …Advanced carbons show great promise to generate a carbon electrode with much higher capacitance than the…
  • p. 33 …Tuite, Get the Lowdown On Ultracapacitors; Electronic Design, Nov 2007. 23 D. Tuite, Get the Lowdown…
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In the 2020-2030 timeframe, ultracapacitor cell designs will be different. Simple plate
designs, coin cells, and laminated pouches will still be used for some applications.
However, advanced designs and form-factors will be used to fit specialized applications.
Ultracapacitors will be designed for incorporation into chip architectures. Several
options will exist for micro- and nano-electronics. Electrolyte options will most likely be
different from those used today. New electrolyte solvents and better salts will be
discovered that produce higher voltage cells while maintaining good ionic conductivity.
Ionic liquids and complex solvents that withstand higher voltages are likely candidates.
Three dimensional architectures may begin to be introduced, which will greatly improve
both energy density and power density. Manufacturing techniques will enable small-
and medium-format three-dimensional electrodes, where the electrical double layer is
stored perpendicular to the current collector. The manufacture and assembly of large-
format ultracapacitors with extremely high power capabilities will be enabled by three-
dimensional architectures of nano-engineered carbons and current collectors.
Beyond 2030 it is difficult to project the future developments of ultracapacitors since
materials science is experiencing a nanomaterials revolution. It can be expected,
however, that nearly all microelectronic circuitry will incorporate thin-film ultracaps or
MCaps, and laptop computers will become the size of an iPhone with mostly voice-
activated functions. As depicted in Figure 16, advancements will occur on a much faster
timescale than what has happened over the last 50 years.
In the energy storage area, particularly for PHEV and EV batteries, the major impact for
ultracapacitors may allow not only reduced mass and size but also order-of-magnitude
reduction in costs.
2010 2020 2030 2050
ULTRACAPS ► • ► •
• -•
Figure 16. Evolution of Ultracapacitors
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 34 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.