Documents / Report
This Defense Intelligence Reference Document from the Defense Intelligence Agency, dated 1 November 2010, was one of a series of advanced technology reports produced in FY 2010 under the Advanced Aerospace Weapons System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It reviews ultracapacitors as energy and power storage devices. It covers how they work, their materials, their commercial and military uses, and new developments such as carbon nanotubes, thin films and magnetic capacitors. It concludes that the U.S. government must understand and adopt advanced ultracapacitors.
“The Advance”13 pages
UNCLASSIFIED//FIHl 8FFHil.t.k Wfili IH.k\f 1000 - ~'~ ~ 100,, Conventional ~ batteries 1 t1our 1 second q 10 ~ 10 hours ~~ 1~ >, 2' 0.1 0.03 second ~ !TI corventi011a1 cai,acitors 0.01 10 100 1000 10000 Power density (W/kg) Figure 3. Ragone Plot. The graph illustrates the areas where ultracaps and batteries dominate in the power density versus energy density relationship. HISTORY The concept of storing electrical energy in the electric double layer that is formed at the interface between an electrolyte and a solid has been known since the late 1800s. In 1966, Standard Oil Company of Ohio (SOHIO) invented the device in the format now commonly used, which forms the basis for hundreds of patents and thousands of journal articles. Figure 4 shows a drawing from the electrochemical double-layer device invented by SOHIO. NEC introduced the SuperCapacitor™ in 1978 under license from SOHIO. (ONOuC,02--,1 :=:-cc:=:-= =-11;:c-_ :cNo,c-012. ' ' PO'2:Ol.l5 6'2APH1Tt:' Ei..Ec.TROCE" -· - ---- ,' .', :: ,-- PoROLJS ::.RI\PH1i"::' - 1:·1..~C.Tl::OS'E- _ 1O~ ;,eif.'1~1\BL.e ---=-=-·· - M=l'-1B'2Pi\-lE:' Figure 4. Electrolytic Capacitor as Designed and Patented by SOHIO. From this point on, ultracaps have rapidly evolved through several generations of designs. In the 1980s, Matsushita Electric Company developed a method of manufacturing ultracapacitors with improved electrodes. Initially, they were used as backup power devices for volatile clock chips and complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor (CMOS) computer memories. As the technology became more understood, more and more applications were developed for ultracaps. Many other applications have emerged over the past 30 years, including wireless communication, power quality, and improved energy efficiency through regenerative energy capture processes, as found in hybrid electric vehicles. 10 UNCLASSIFIED//509 QSFICIOP !PSS 0111 Y 5
Not linked to a story yet.
Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 34 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.