Documents / Report
This Defense Intelligence Reference Document from the Defense Intelligence Agency is dated 23 March 2010. It was produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Program and surveys the history of attempts to use superconductors to manipulate gravity in the laboratory. It reviews theoretical work by Li and Torr, Podkletnov's disputed gravity shielding experiments, NASA replication attempts and Tajmar's results. It concludes that no repeatable effect has been verified and that research in this area remains fraught with experimental difficulty.
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UNCLASSIFIED//F81il 8FFI1il.t.k Wfili &,.kY Our own version of the Podkletnov spinning disk experiment was completed in late 2001 and published in 2003 (Reference 35) showing a null result. It represented-and still represents-the closest published replication of the original Podkletnov experiment. It contains a discussion of the experimental difficulties arising from the nature of the experiment itself and highlights the inability of the experimentalist (Podkletnov) to supply critical data on his alleged prior experiments. Such a lack would have seriously hampered our replication had not Podkletnov been actively involved in the experimental setup, at least from the standpoint of the construction of the ceramic disk. In fact, we sent to Podkletnov in Finland one of our bi-layered disks that he pronounced acceptable for experimentation. Unfortunately, neither Podkletnov's 1992 publication nor subsequent discussions with Podkletnov allowed a complete understanding of how the original experiment was carried out. In 2001, Taj mar and De Matos began publishing a set of theoretical and experimental papers (Reference 36) that essentially carried on and incorporated Li and Torr's earlier work while also providing additional insights. Martin Taj mar was a newly minted post- doc working at the European Space Research & Technology Centre, Holland. The paper condensed the previous work, including that of Li and Torr, to show that every electromagnetic field is coupled to a gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic field and that the coupling "is generally valid and does not require special properties like superconductivity." The authors acknowledged the criticisms of Li and Torr by Kowitt and Harris and noted that the simple coupling coefficient they derive is exceedingly small. However, it can be increased by using massive ion currents (for example, moving/rotating mass or dense plasmas) and by aligning electron and nuclear spins. In a roughly concurrent publication (Reference 37), De Matos and Tajmar, now at the Austrian Research Centres, extended their previous ideas and used a Barnett Effect analog to show that "any substance set into rotation becomes the seat of a uniform intrinsic gravitomagnetic field." Some experimentalists were still not willing to give up on superconductor-mediated gravity effects, in spite of the failure of our replication and the null results of NASA and others. In 2002, a few researchers at Boeing Phantom Works in California attempted to interest their management in replicating the Podkletnov high-voltage impulse gravity beam experiment but were turned down in part because of the publicity resulting from a leaked copy of the internal proposal getting to the media. That same year, Chiao in California proposed (Reference 38) using superconductors as gravitational wave transducers into RF radiation and vice versa and attempted an experiment that apparently failed. Harris (Reference 39) later rebutted Chiao by stating that neither gravitoelectric nor gravitomagnetic fields accompany gravitational waves. In his 1950 book on superfluids, London (Reference 40) derived an expression for the magnetic field produced by a rotating superconductor or superfluid that was proportional to the Cooper pair mass-to-charge ratio and the angular velocity. This is also called the London moment, and its value had been measured in the laboratory by Tate et al. (Reference 41). A general expression of the London moment can be used to determine the Cooper pair mass. In a 2003 paper, Tajmar et al. (Reference 42) noted that the Tate experiments showed that the Cooper pair mass, which had been predicted to be slightly smaller than twice that of the electron, was actually slightly larger. Intrigued that there had been no published solution to this disagreement, Taj mar asked if a gravitational effect might be at work. By applying his previous work to this "Cooper Pair Mass Anomaly," he found that a relatively huge internal gravitomagnetic field 9 UNCLASSIFIED/ ii OR Oi"l"!e!lltt 1!191! 811L'i
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is above. 16 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.